1. Hee
Hee

2. Biological Macromolecules

3. CHNOPS ! Review What are the 6 main elements found in cells? Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Phosphorus
Sulfur
CHNOPS !

4. C H N O P S
OME
OME OW R
ACK
UITCASE
your
CHNOPS Mnemonic

5. Review What is the difference between atoms and elements?
Elements are made of one kind of atom; an atom is the smallest amount of an element
What is the difference between atoms and molecules?
Molecules are atoms bonded together

6. What is a macromolecule?
A macromolecule is a large molecule made up of smaller organic (naturally- occurring) molecules.
There are 4 basic kinds:
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
C, H, O
C, H, O, and P
C, H, O, N, S
C, H, O, N, P

7. What is a macromolecule?
A macromolecule is a large molecule made up of smaller organic (naturally- occurring) molecules.
For carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids the smaller molecules are called monomers.
When the monomers join together, they are called polymers.
POLYMER
Monomer
Monomer
Monomer
Monomer
Monomer
Monomer

8. What is a carbohydrate? Carbohydrates are the body’s “Fast Fuels”
very little energy is required for the body to break them down and release their energy
They are the sugars that we love so much
Made up of C, H, O in a 1:2:1 ratio
Most simple is a monosaccharide (glucose)
Two become a disaccharide
More than that it becomes a polysaccharide

9. What is a carbohydrate? Carbohydrates are the bodies “Fast Fuels”
very little energy is required for the body to break them down and release their energy
They are the sugars that we love so much
Made up of C, H, O in a 1:2:1 ratio
Most simple is a monosaccharide (glucose)
Two become a disaccharide
More than that it becomes a polysaccharide

10. Complex Really Complex! Simple
What is a carbohydrate?
Complex
Really
Complex!
Simple

11. What is a lipid? Lipids are the body’s “long term” storage for energy.
It takes energy to break down lipids, but they release much more than carbohydrates.
The body will first use “quick fuel” in carbohydrates then turn to lipids as fuel.

12. Hee
Hee

13. What is a lipid?
Lipids are the fatty foods that we love to eat and are made in our body from excess calorie intake. They also make up our cell membrane.
Made up of C, H, O (and P in cell membrane)
There are many different kinds of lipids
Fats – oils, animal fat, etc
Phospholipids – cell membrane material
Waxes - waterproof coatings on leaves, fruit, feathers, etc.
Steriods - cholesterol, hormones, bile, etc.

14. Hee Hee

15. Cholesterol Fats Steroids Waxes
What is a lipid?
Fats
Steroids
Waxes

16. What is a protein?
Proteins are the most complex and diverse macromolecules in living organisms.
Make enzymes, blood cells, muscle tissues, and much more
Made of C, H, O, N, and S
Created by DNA and RNA coding (we’ll discuss this later)

17. What is a protein? Like carbohydrates, proteins are polymers.
Proteins are made from individual monomers called amino acids.
Amino acids join together in long polymer chains called peptide chains.
Interactions between parts of these chains mold them into different shapes.
Amino Acid
Amino Acid
Amino Acid
Amino Acid
Amino Acid
Amino Acid

19. What is a protein? Keratin Plant Protein (hair) Keratin (fingernails)
Muscle

20. What is a nucleic acid?
Nucleic acids are the macromolecules found in all cells that provide the genetic code for that organism.
There are two main kinds of nucleic acids.

21. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

22. Ribonucleic acid (RNA)

23. What is a nucleic acid?
Nucleic acids are the macromolecules found in all cells that provide the genetic code for that organism.
There are two main kinds of nucleic acids.
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
Made of C, H, O, N and P.

24. Two
Nucleic
Acids

25. What is a nucleic acid?
Nucleic acids are also polymers because they are made of smaller molecules
The monomers of nucleic acids are called nucleotides
Each nucleotide is made of
phosphate group
5 carbon sugar
Nitrogenous base P
Base S P
Base S P
Base S

26. What is a nucleic acid?
The monomers of nucleic acids are called nucleotides
Made of a phosphate group, sugar, base
5 kinds of nitrogenous bases
Guanine
Cytosine
Adenine
Thymine (only in DNA)
Uracil (only in RNA)

27. Macromolecule
Sign
Language

28. Proteins

29. Nucleic Acids

30. Lipids

31. Carbohydrates

32. Which macromolecule has this general structure?
CHON’s – Protein

33. Which macromolecule has this general structure?
CHO’s – Carbohydrates

34. Which macromolecule has this general structure?
CHONP’s – Nucleic Acids

35. Which macromolecule has this general structure?
CHOP’s – Lipids

36. Which macromolecule looks like this as a polymer?
CHOP’s – Lipids

37. Which macromolecule looks like this as a polymer?
CHOP’s – Lipids

38. Which macromolecule looks like this as a polymer?
CHOP’s – Lipids

39. CHON
Macromolecule Chart Handout

40. CHO
Macromolecule Chart Handout

41. CHONP
Macromolecule Chart Handout

42. CHOP
Macromolecule Chart Handout

43. 2. What macromolecules are the most complex and diverse of all?
1. What macromolecule is made up of only Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), and Oxygen (O) atoms?
2. What macromolecules are the most complex and diverse of all?
3. What macromolecule is made up of Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O) and Phosphorous (P) atoms?
1) Carbohydrates, 2) Proteins, 3) Lipids, 4) Proteins
4. What macromolecules make enzymes, blood cells, muscle tissues, and tons of other stuff?

44. 5. What macromolecule is made up of Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), Nitrogen (N), and occasionally Sulfur (S) atoms?
6. Fats, Waxes, and Steroids are all examples of which macromolecule?
7. What macromolecules are the building blocks for the genetic code of all living things?
5) Protein, 6) Lipids, 7) Nucleic Acids, 8) Proteins
8. What macromolecules are made of monomers called amino acids and polymers called peptide chains?

45. 9. What macromolecules are the body’s “Fast Fuels”?
10. What two main kinds of this macromolecule are DNA and RNA?
11. What macromolecules are the sugars that we love so much – like glucose, sucrose, and fructose?
9) Carbohydrate, 10) Nucleic Acid, 11) Carbohydrate, 12) Nucleic Acid
12. The monomers of which macromolecule are called nucleotides and are made of a phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogenous base?

46. 13. Polymers of which macromolecule are called “Polysaccharides”?
14. What macromolecules make up a big part of the membranes in each and every cell of our body?
15. What macromolecules are the long-term storage for energy?
13) Carbohydrates, 14) Lipids, 15) Lipids, 16) Nucleic Acids
16. What macromolecule is made up of Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), Nitrogen (N), and Phosphorous (P) atoms?

47. Molecule/Organism Size – online interactive and flashcards

48. Water Properties Lab

49. Water Properties Lab

50. Water Properties Lab

51. Molecular Structure The uniqueness of water comes from its:
The polarity of water is responsible for effectively dissolving other polar molecules, such as sugars and salts.
Because water is able to dissolve so many common substances, it is known as the universal solvent.
Why do our cells need to be able to dissolve other molecules? Why should water be cohesive within the cell? Ease of movement through biological membranes.

52. Water Properties Lab

53. Water molecules tend to stick to each other in a regular pattern, called cohesion.
Water molecules tend to stick to other molecules. This is called adhesion.

54. A type of cohesion is surface tension.
This occurs when water molecules align to create a “net” made of atoms.

55. Water Properties Lab

56. Surface tension keeps cells functional.
It ensures the proper organization of their biomolecules, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, into membranes and various types of cellular organelles.

58. Capillary action is when adhesion to the walls is stronger than the cohesive forces between the liquid molecules, causing an upward force.

60. These water properties are not independent of each other
These water properties are not independent of each other. Polarity causes surface tension, a product of cohesion and adhesion, which causes capillary action . . .

61. Compared with other molecules, water can absorb or release large amounts of heat while adjusting its own temperature a small amount.
A large part of all living things is made of water.
Helps the body maintain optimum temperature ranges.

62. Sweating – capillary action, heat capacity, homeostasis
Sweating – capillary action, heat capacity, homeostasis. Wilting – loss of water, turgidity decreases (cohesion, capillary action, adhesion)

63. Enzymes
Enzyme Lesson - matchmaker

64. Liver and Enzymes Lab