1. Disease Transmission
Chapter 3

2. Microorganism, a disease causing agent
How Infections Occur
Pathogens
Microorganism, a disease causing agent
They enter the body and sometimes overpower the body’s natural defense and cause illness (infection)
Most of the infectious diseases are caused by bacteria and viruses
Bacteria & Viruses
Staph
HIV

3. How are they spread??? The pathogen must be present
There must be enough of the pathogen present to cause the disease
If the pathogen passes through the correct entry site
The person is susceptible to the pathogen

4. How far does a sneeze travel??

5. Different Transmissions
Direct Contact
Indirect Contact
When the infected blood or body fluid from one person enters another person’s body at a correct entry site
Ex. Blood splashing in the eye
Occurs when a person touches an object that contains the blood or another body fluid of an infect person, and that infected blood or other body fluid enters the body through a correct entry site
Direct or Indirect?

6. Precautions
Standard precautions are safety measures taken to prevent exposure to blood and body fluids when giving care to ill or injured persons
Personal Hygiene
Wet your hands with water
Apply antimicrobial liquid soap to your hands
Rub your hands vigorously for at least 15 sec, covering the entire surface of the hand
Rinse hands with water
Dry your hand thoroughly with a paper towel
Turn off faucet using the paper towel

7. Personal Protective Equipment
Equipment that helps keep you from directly contacting infected material:
Wear disposable gloves
Remove jewelry, such as rings, bracelets, and watches before wearing the gloves
Cover any cuts, scrapes or sores prior to putting on protective equipment
Do not use disposable gloves that are discolored, torn or punctured
Do not clean or reuse disposable gloves
Change gloves before you give care to a different victim
Wear protective coverings
mask, eyewear or gown, whenever you are likely to come in contact with blood or other body fluids
Use breathing barriers
Resuscitation masks or face shields
Remove disposable gloves without contacting the soiled part of the glove

8. Cleaning up a Blood Spill
Clean up ASAP
Wear disposable gloves
Wipe up with absorbent material
Sterilize the area where spill occurred
Dispose properly
Cleaning up a Blood Spill

9. Disposing of Contaminated Material