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2. Indicating to whom or for whom an action takes place
Indirect object nouns and pronouns
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pp. 205–206

3. Paco gave the book to me. Paco me dio el libro.
Indirect object nouns and pronouns tell to whom or for whom an action is done.
It is important to distinguish direct objects from indirect objects.
What did Paco give? The book. That’s our direct object.
Paco gave the book to me.
To whom did Paco give the book? To me. That’s our indirect object.
Paco me dio el libro.

4. The indirect object pronouns in Spanish are as follows:
These pronouns are identical to the direct object and reflexive pronouns. me
nos te os le
les
The third-person singular and plural forms are different.

5. Le voy a mandar el libro a Alfredo.
Indirect object pronouns, like all object pronouns, come in front of the conjugated verb…
Le voy a mandar el libro a Alfredo.
I’m going to send the book to Alfredo.
. . . or after and attached to an infinitive . . .
Voy a mandarle el libro a Alfredo.
I’m going to send the book to Alfredo.
. . . or a gerund.
Estoy mandándole el libro a Alfredo.
I’m sending the book to Alfredo.
Notice the written accent that is added to gerunds when
the pronoun is attached.

6. me a mí nos a nosotros/as te a ti os a vosotros/as le a usted les
The prepositional forms that often accompany the object pronouns are as follows:
These are mandatory me
a mí
nos
a nosotros/as te
a ti os
a vosotros/as le
a usted
les
a ustedes
a él
a ellos
(a Juan)
a ella
a ellas
(a Marta)
etc.
These are optional
(for clarification or emphasis)

7. Clarification and Emphasis
To eliminate ambiguity, prepositional forms are used to clarify. Notice the following exchange:
¿A quién le vas a mandar el libro?
To whom are you going to send the book?
Le voy a mandar el libro a Alfredo.
I’m going to send the book to Alfredo.
An answer such as Le voy a mandar el libro would not clearly indicate to whom.

8. Clarification and Emphasis
Some might then logically ask “Why not just say Voy a mandar el libro a Alfredo.” But . . .
. . . proper Spanish requires the use of the indirect object pronoun.
Le voy a mandar el libro a Alfredo.
In this case, for instance, le must co-occur with a Alfredo.
Voy a mandar el libro a Alfredo.
. . . is considered ungrammatical.

9. Clarification and Emphasis
Prepositional forms are also used to emphasize. Notice the following exchange.
¿A quién le vas a mandar el libro? ¿A Isabel o a Alfredo?
To whom are you going to send the book? To Isabel or to Alfredo?
Le voy a mandar el libro a él.
I’m going to send the book to him.

10. Dar is almost always used with indirect object pronouns.
Dar (to give)
Dar is almost always used with indirect object pronouns.
doy
damos
das
dais da
dan
The verb dar is irregular only in its yo form.
Mis amigos me dan buenos consejos.
My friends give me good advice.

11. The preterit of dar uses the same endings as -er and -ir verbs.
Dar (to give)
The preterit of dar uses the same endings as -er and -ir verbs. di
dimos
diste
disteis
dio
dieron
Mis amigos me dieron buenos consejos.
My friends gave me good advice.

12. Other verbs that generally use indirect object pronouns
decir
to say, to tell
describir
to describe
escribir
to write
explicar
to explain
mostrar (ue)
to show
prestar
to lend
regalar
to give (a gift)
vender
to sell

13. ¡A practicar!

14. Put the sentences in order1.
el problema
mis amigos me
describen 2.
digo
les yo
la verdad 3.
escribimos
a la profesora le
un correo electrónico 4.
unos zapatos
sus padres
les
regalan
a sus hijos

15. FIN