1. The shared way of life of a group of people
Culture
The shared way of life of a group of people

2. Becoming Civilized
The transformation from a nomadic hunter and gatherer society to a one that is sedentary and built cities required the development of agriculture.
The cultural hearth of farming is found in Mesopotamia and the Fertile Crescent of the Middle East, where the world’s fist civilizations formed.

3. Cultural Divergence
When cultures stay separate, do not mix, or even move even further apart.
Those cultures are often very different and opposed.
Ex:-India’s partition into Hindu India and Muslim Pakistan
Arab Israeli conflict

4. Cultural convergence When multiple cultures blend and mix together
Globalization leads to cultures coming more into contact with each other through immigration and trade.
Ex: the American melting pot, Sikhism blends Hinduism and Islam, Olympic games, etc.

5. Ethnic Group
Based on shared culture and national origin, not necessarily race

6. Assimilation
When immigrants give up their old culture and adapt the new way of live
Starts with learning the language
Leads to integration into mainstream culture

7. Ethnocentrism The believe that ones culture is better than others.
Can lead to racism and intolerance

8. Multiculturalism
The peaceful coexistence of cultures next to each other
Respecting to be different
Minority rights in a democracy

9. Innovation
A new invention with the potential to change society and culture drastically

10. World Languages

11. Language Family:
A group of broadly related languages with a shared common origin
Dialect:
A local version the same language.
Two people of different dialects should be able to understand each other if they speak the same language
Dialects are in decline because of national media, more trade and travel, as well as the global internet.

12. Some major language families
Romance: Italian, Spanish, Portuguese and French are rooted in Latin from the Ancient Roman Empire
Germanic: English, German, Dutch, Danish, Swedish, and Norwegian are spoken in Northern/ Central Europe
Slavic: Russian, Polish, Czech, etc are found in Eastern Europe.

13. Romance and Germanic languages have diffused to many countries of the world during the age of European colonization.
British Empire and English, Spanish Empire, Portuguese in Brazil, French in Quebec etc.

14. Swahili Africa has a large diversity of native local languages
Swahili developed as a common second languages for merchants traveling to be able to communicate across cultural boundaries, similar to English as today’s international language