1. Distillation and Cracking1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
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2. What is FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION?1
What is FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION?
answer
The process in which a mixture of substances (eg crude oil) is heated and separates according to the boiling points of the substances.
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3. Calderglen High School2
What is a FRACTION?
answer
A group of hydrocarbon compounds with boiling points within a given range.
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4. What is the BOILING POINT of a liquid?3
What is the BOILING POINT of a liquid?
answer
The temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas.
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5. Calderglen High School
What is FLAMMABILITY? 4
answer
Flammability is a measure of how easily a fuel ignites and how well it burns.
The flammability of crude oil fractions decreases as their chain length increases.
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6. 5
What is VISCOSITY?
answer
Viscosity is a measure of the thickness of a liquid.
The viscosity of crude oil fractions increases as their chain length increases.
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7. Calderglen High School6
Name the typical fractions obtained from crude oil and their chain length
answer
Refinery Gases : 1 to 4
Gasoline (Naphtha): 5 to 12
Kerosine (Paraffin): 10 to 16
Gas Oil: 12 to 25
Residue: 25+
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8. Give some uses of the typical fractions obtained from crude oil7
Give some uses of the typical fractions obtained from crude oil
answer
Petroleum Gas : Bottled Gases
Gasoline: Petrol, Chemical Production
Kerosine: Aviation Fuel
Gas Oil: Diesel, Central Heating Fuel, Lubricating Oils
Residue : Bitumen for roads and roofs
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9. There are not enough of the useful short chain fractions8
When CRUDE OIL is distilled what is the problem concerning the amounts of fractions obtained?
answer
There are not enough of the useful short chain fractions
It is mainly the long chain hydrocarbons that are obtained
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10. Boiling point increases as the number of carbons increases9
What is the connection between the boiling point of alkanes and their number of carbons?
answer
Boiling point increases as the number of carbons increases
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11. Give examples of uses for ALKANES10
Give examples of uses for ALKANES
answer
Methane – natural gas
Propane – bottled gas
Octane – petrol
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12. What do alkanes, alkenes and cycloalkanes have in common ?11
What do alkanes, alkenes and cycloalkanes have in common ?
answer
They are all hydrocarbons so burn in a plentiful supply of air to produce carbon dioxide and water
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13. What is catalytic cracking?12
What is catalytic cracking?
answer
A process for breaking long chain molecules into smaller more useful molecules
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14. Small unsaturated molecules are used to make plastics13
What is the main use for the small unsaturated molecules (eg ethene) obtained by the cracking of long chain hydrocarbons?
answer
Small unsaturated molecules are used to make plastics
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15. One will be saturated (C-C) One will be unsaturated (C=C)14
Apart from the product molecules being smaller, what is different about one of the products obtained in cracking?
answer
One will be saturated (C-C)
One will be unsaturated (C=C)
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