1. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994
The Parts of Speech
Noun Verb Preposition
Pronoun Adverb Conjunction
Adjective Interjection
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt

2. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994
Noun
A noun is a word used to name a person, place, thing, or idea.
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt

3. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994
Types of Nouns
1. Proper
Common
Abstract
Concrete
Collective
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt

4. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994
Proper Noun
A proper noun is the name of a particular person, place, or thing.
Ex. – Kay, Miami, White House
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt

5. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994
Common Noun
A common noun is the name of an ordinary noun.
Ex. – city, woman, building, shoe
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt

6. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994
Abstract Noun
An abstract noun names a quality, a characteristic, or an idea.
Ex. – beauty, strength, love, courage
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt

7. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994
Concrete Noun
A concrete noun names an object that can be perceived by the senses.
Ex. – hat, desk, book, box
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt

8. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994
Collective Noun
A collective noun names a group.
Ex. - crowd, team, class
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt

9. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994
Possessive Case
The possessive case of a noun or a pronoun shows ownership or relationship.
Ownership Relationship
Alice Walker’s poetry Crowfoot’s family
the student’s suggestions five dollars’ worth
your opinion my grandparents
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt

10. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994
Possessive Case
1. To form the possessive of a singular noun, add an apostrophe and an –s.
ex. The senator’s comments
player’s turn
To form the possessive of a plural noun ending in –s, add only the apostrophe.
ex. Girls’ team the winners’ trophy
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt

11. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994
Possessive Case
Do not use an apostrophe with possessive personal pronouns or with the possessive pronoun whose.
INCORRECT We thought the top score was
her’s.
CORRECT We thought the top score was hers.
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt

12. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994
Possessive Case
4. To form the possessive of an indefinite pronoun, add an apostrophe and an –s.
Ex. Everyone’s vote counts equally.
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt

13. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994
Possessive Case
Form the possessive of only the last word in a hyphenated word, in the name of an organization or a business firm, or in a word group showing joint possession.
Ex. father-in-law’s hobby
Lewis and Clark’s expedition
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt

14. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994
Pronoun
A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun or of more than one noun.
Ex. – Angelo borrowed a hammer and some nails. He will return them tomorrow.
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt

15. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994
Antecedent
The word that a pronoun stands for is called the antecedent.
In the preceding example, Angelo is the antecedent of he, and hammer and nails are the antecedents of them.
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt

16. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994
Types of Pronouns
Personal
Reflexive
Intensive
Relative
Interrogative
Demonstrative
Indefinite
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt

17. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994
Personal Pronouns
Singular Plural
1st I, me, my, mine we, our, ours, us
Person
2nd you, your, yours you, your, yours
3rd he, his, him they, their, theirs, them
Person she, her, hers
it, its
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt

18. Reflexive/Intensive Pronouns
A reflexive or intensive pronoun is created when the suffix –self or –selves is added to the appropriate personal pronouns.
Reflexive (The pronoun stands alone.)
Ex. Carmen hurt herself.
Intensive (The pronoun is next to another noun or pronoun.)
Ex. Carmen herself was not hurt.
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt

19. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994
Relative Pronoun
A relative pronoun introduces a subordinate (dependent) clause.
Who Which
Whose That
Whom
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt

20. Interrogative Pronouns
An interrogative pronoun introduces a question.
Who Which
Whom What
Whose
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt

21. Demonstrative Pronouns
A demonstrative pronoun points out a person, a place, a thing, or an idea.
The demonstrative pronouns are this, that, these, and those.
Ex. This is our favorite song by Ella Fitzgerald. De
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt

22. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994
Indefinite Pronouns
all either much other
another everybody neither several
any everyone nobody some
anybody everything none somebody
anyone few no one someone
anything many nothing something
both more one such
each most
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt

23. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994
Indefinite Pronouns
An indefinite pronoun refers to a person, place, idea, or thing that may or may not be specifically named.
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt

24. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994
Verbs
A verb is a word used to express action or a state of being.
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt

25. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994
Forms of Be
There are eight forms of the verb –BE.
am was be
is were been
are being
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt

26. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994
Linking Verbs
am appear grow seem taste
is become look smell turn
are feel remain sound
was stay
were be
been
being
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt

27. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994
Verb Phrases
A verb phrase consists of a main verb and at least one helping verb. As many as three helping verbs may precede the main verb.
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt

28. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994
Helping Verbs
am could do have can will
is would did has may shall
are should does had might
was must
were be
been
being
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt

29. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994
Action Verbs
Action verbs fall into two categories:
Transitive
Intransitive
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt

30. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994
Transitive Verbs
A transitive verb is an action verb that takes an object (a word that tells who or what receives the action. The object is either a noun or pronoun.)
Ex. Everyone (in the school) cheered the football team.
**To find the object, ask who? or what? after the verb.
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt

31. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994
Intransitive Verbs
An intransitive verb is an action verb that does not take an object.
Ex. The gorilla smiled.
Suddenly, the child next door screamed.
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt

32. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994
Adjectives
An adjective is a word used to modify a noun or a pronoun.
To modify means “to describe or make more definite.”
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt

33. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994
Articles
A, an, and the are articles.
Identify articles by placing an orange box around each of them.
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt

34. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994
Adjectives
Adjectives modify nouns or pronouns by telling which one, what kind, how many.
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt

35. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994
Which one?
This street
Those cars
First step
Last one
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt

36. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994
What kind?
Brown shoes
Large animal
Narrow road
Nice person
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt

37. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994
How many?
Ten boxes
Several boxes
Fewer mistakes
Many students
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt

38. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994
Adjectives
Adjectives usually precede the words they modify.
Ex. The wild and graceful deer ran through the forest.
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt

39. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994
Adjectives
For emphasis, however, adjectives are sometimes placed after the words they modify.
The deer, wild and graceful, ran through the forest.
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt

40. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994
Adjective Suffixes
Common adjective suffixes include:
-able (tolerable) -en (wooden)
-ible (possible) -ful (thankful)
-ate (desolate, separate) -less (hopeless)
-esque (picturesque) -some (lonesome)
-ous
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt

41. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994
Adverbs
An adverb is a word used to modify a verb, an adjective, or another adverb.
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt

42. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994
Adverbs
Most adverbs end in –ly.
Common adverbs include:
no very still
not almost too
never always well
n’t
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt

43. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994
Adverbs
An adverb may tell how, when, where, or to what extent (how often or how much).
Ex. She drives carefully. (tells how she drives)
She drives early and late. (tells when)
She drives everywhere. (tells where)
She can almost drive. (tells to what extent)
She drives daily. (tells how often)
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt

44. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994
Prepositions
A preposition is a word used to show the relation of a noun or pronoun to some other word in the sentence.
Think about the squirrel and the tree!!!!
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt

45. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994
Prepositions
About at but (concerning)
Above before by
Across behind concerning
After below down
Against beneath during
Along beside except
Amid besides for
Among between from
Around beyond in
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt

46. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994
More Prepositions
into since until
like through unto
of throughout up
off to upon
on toward with
over under within
past underneath without
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt

47. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994
Conjunctions
A conjunction is a word that joins words or groups of words.
There are three kinds of conjunctions:
1. coordinating conjunctions
2. correlative conjunctions
3. subordinating conjunctions
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt

48. Coordinating Conjunctions
A coordinating conjunction connects words or groups of words used in the same way.
and or yet
but nor so
for
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt

49. Correlative Conjunctions
Correlative conjunctions are pairs of
conjunctions that connect words or groups of words used in the same way.
*Both and
*Either or
*Neither nor
*Not only but
*Whether or
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt

50. Subordinating Conjunctions
A subordinating conjunction begins a subordinate (dependent) clause and connects it to an independent clause.
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt

51. Subordinating Conjunctions
after because since
although before so that
as even though than
as if how that
as much as if though
as though in order that unless
as well as provided until
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt

52. More Subordinating Conjunctions
when
whenever
where
wherever
whether
while
why
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt

53. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994
Interjection
An interjection is a word that expresses emotion and has no grammatical relation to other words in the sentence.
Examples: Oh! My goodness! Hurry!
Interjections are followed by an exclamation point. (!)
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt