1. Space and
Perspective

2. Space
The visual element that refers to the area between, around, above, below and within objects.
Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grand Jatte, Georges Seurat,

3. What is Perspective?
In drawing and painting perspective is a way of creating 3D space on a 2D support.
Types of perspective include:
Size variation
Foreshortening (overlapping shapes)
Varying color
Detailed vs. Non-detailed
Linear perspective
Size variation- Things that are closer will appear larger and things that are further will appear smaller.
Foreshortening-This is when you layer shapes on top of each other to create a sense of depth. Simplified overlapped shapes will make a specific object look shorter, hence the word foreshortening.
Varying Color- In a landscape, for example, the sky get warmers as it nears the horizon line and the land gets cooler as it nears the horizon line.
Detail- Objects that are closer to the viewer will have more visible details as opposed to object that are further away.
Linear perspective- Linear perspective is a mathematical system for creating the illusion of space and distance on a flat surface. Here, lines are used to create a 3D atmosphere. We will talk more specifically about this as we move on.

4. What Types of Perspective are Exemplified?

5. What Types of Perspective are Exemplified?

6. Linear Perspective
Lines and vanishing points that are used to create a 3D space on a 2D support.
Linear perspective developed in Florence, Italy in the early 1400s.
Renaissance painters strived to show linear perspective in their works.
Raphael Sanzio, The Betrothal of the Virgin,1504, Oil on panel

7. One Point Perspective Horizon Line Vanishing Point (focal point)
On a horizon line where orthogonal lines seem to disappear. It can sometimes be the focal point.
Horizon Line-
Usually separates the earth from the sky. It also represents the viewer’s eye level.
Vertical Lines-
Lines that run up and down. They are perpendicular to the horizon line.
Orthogonal Lines
Horizontal Lines
Orthogonal Lines-
Lines that run towards the vanishing point. They disappear when they touch it.
Horizontal Lines-
Lines that run side to side. They are parallel to horizon line.
Vertical Lines

8. Where is the Vanishing Point?
Where are the Horizontal Lines?
Where is the Vanishing Point?
Where are the Vertical Lines?
Where are the Orthogonal Lines?
Where is the horizon line?

9. Below and Above the Horizon Line

10. Which Two Boxes aren’t Drawn in Perspective?

11. Examples Found in Life
VANISHING POINT
HORIZON LINE
ORTHOGONAL LINES

12. Ask students to note how the horizontal lines of the colonnade and the sides of the pool seem to converge in a single point. Explain that the lines create linear perspective in the photo and that the point where the horizontal lines seem to meet is called the vanishing point.
Main peristyle garden and façade, Getty Villa, Malibu, California.

13. Your Assignment: One Point Boxes
Draw six boxes using linear perspective.
Draw two boxes above the horizon line, two boxes on the horizon line and two boxes below the horizon.
You will need:
Paper
Ruler
Pencil
Eraser
To pay attention as we complete the first box together!

14. Linear Perspective: Two Points
Like one point perspective, two point perspective is used to create a 3D atmosphere on a 2D support with lines.
The difference is that two point perspective has TWO vanishing points as opposed to one!
In two point perspective the sides of the object vanish to one of two vanishing points on the horizon.
House by the Railroad by Edward Hopper, 1925

15. Two Point Perspective Vanishing Point (focal point) Horizon Line
Orthogonal Lines
Vertical Lines

16. Another Example!

17. Your Assignment: Two Point Boxes
Draw six boxes using linear perspective with TWO vanishing points.
Draw two boxes above the horizon line, two boxes on the horizon line and two boxes below the horizon.
You will need:
Paper
Ruler
Pencil
Eraser (maybe)
To pay attention as we complete the first box together!

18. Your Assignment: Step Three
OPTION 1
Draw your ideal room using one point perspective. (one vanishing point)
Include all the things you would need to make that room perfect for you!
Show objects above, on top and below your horizon line.

19. Your Assignment: Step Three
OPTION TWO:
Depict a cityscape or landscape using two point perspective (two vanishing points)
Include buildings, trees, people and everything else you may encounter in the city or out in nature. Be creative!
Show objects above, on top and below your horizon line.