1. The West

2. Indian Removal Act (1830) Land Greed forces Indians off of their land
Destroys the Indian family unit

3. Homestead Act (1862) Gave land to those who lived on it for 5 years
People received 160 acres

4. Battle of Little Big Horn
General Custer defeated by Chief Sitting Bull
Often called “Custer’s Last Stand”

5. Populism Populists were mostly farmers Populists pushed for reforms
Increased circulation of money
Unlimited minting of Silver
A progressive income tax
Government ownership of communication and transportation
An 8-hour work day

6. Massacre at Sand Creek Nov. 29, 1864 Colorado Territory
Col. Militia attacks Cheyenne and Arapaho
Up to 170 killed, mostly women and children
Land was granted to Cheyenne and Arapaho by the Ft. Laramie Treaty (1851)
1858, Gold discovered at Pikes Peak
US Col. John Chivington launched an attack on Cheyenne under a white flag.
After a series of battles that followed, Cheyenne hold on the west began to slip

7. “ Damn any man who sympathizes with Indians
“ Damn any man who sympathizes with Indians! ... I have come to kill Indians, and believe it is right and honorable to use any means under God's heaven to kill Indians. ” —- Col. John Milton Chivington, U.S. Army

8. Dawes Act / Dawes General Allotment Act
Feb. 8, 1887
provided for the division of tribally held lands into individually-owned parcels and opening "surplus" lands to settlement by non-Indians and development by railroads.
Dividing reservations

9. Battle of Wounded Knee December 29, 1890
US 7th Cavalry vs. Lakota Sioux
Sioux captured and taken to an encampment
Colonel James Forsyth and surrounded the encampment supported by four Hotchkiss guns (repeating gun)
Massacred the prisoners.

10. Spanish roots
Aztec prisoners used to manage and keep up with Spanish horses and cattle
6 shooter
Foods, clothing, terms
25% were Black Americans
Avg. age 17
Move cattle from place to place
Chisholm Trail, Santé Fe Trail

11. Beef demands / Ranchers
Rise in demand of beef
Shipping by railroads
Barbed wire stopped long cattle drives
Kept cattle off of crops and land
Battles between “free grazers” and “ranchers” occur.