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OPLAN/OPORD
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“ A Busy men every morning plans the transaction of the day and follows out that plan, carries a thread that will guide him through the maze of the most busy life. But where no plan is laid, where the disposal of time is surrendered merely to the chance of incidence, chaos will soon reign.” -Victor Hugo ( ) French dramatist, novelist and poet
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References AFOS, AETC Hand-outs
US Army Planning and Orders Production (Jan 2005) OPLAN/OPORD, Office of the Asst Chief of Air Staff for Plans, A-5, (11 July 1975)
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Desired Learning Outcomes
Students to be able to differentiate between OPLAN and OPORD Identify and explain the parts Outline the format Explain the processes involved in the preparation Draft an OPLAN/OPORD
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Overview DEFINITIONS CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD OPLAN/OPORD
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN AND OPLAN AND OPORD PARTS OF AN OPLAN/OPORD PREPARATION OF AN OPLAN/OPORD
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Definitions OPLAN – any plan for the preparation, execution and assessment of military operations It is also a plan extending over a considerable space and time. It states the will of the commander and action which will required to his subordinates commander
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Definitions OPORD – a directive issued by a commander to subordinate commanders for the purpose of affecting the coordinated execution of an operation
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HOW OPORD ISSUED It may be issued at any level of command having operational or command jurisdiction over subordinate units. It may cover a single operation or series of connected operation to be carried out simultaneously or succession. It is a form of directive employed by echelons of command in order to allow subordinate commanders to prepare supporting plans or orders
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HOW OPORD ISSUED Serves as a directive for planning and preparatory action, or both preparatory action and actual direction of the operation.
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Characteristics of Good OPLAN/OPORD
Contain critical facts and assumptions Authorative expression Positive expression Avoid qualified directives Balance Simplicity
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Characteristics of Good OPLAN/OPORD
Brevity Clarity Completeness Coordination Flexibility Timeliness
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Differences of OPORD from OPLAN:
“Assumptions” are omitted. Already a directive for specific operations in the immediate future. Issued prior to the action (specified time with factual data) Maybe written, dictated, given orally or sent in message form; Seldom used when an OPLAN has been issued except when desired by the Commander when all the details of the operations has been settled.
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OPERATIONAL PLANNING CYCLE
MISSION RECEIVED STAFF ACTION 1 COMMANDER’S ACTION INFORMATION TO COMMANDER 2 INFORMATION TO STAFF 2 MISSION ANALYSIS, & COMMANDER’S PLANNING GUIDANCE 3 STAFF ESTIMATES 4 COMMANDER’S ESTIMATE/COMMANDER’S CONCEPT PREPARATION OF PLANS/ORDERS 5 6 APPROVAL OF PLANS/ORDERS ISSUANCE OF PLANS/ORDERS 7 8 FEEDBACK SUPERVISION FEEDBACK 9 9 MISSION ACCOMPLISHED 10
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Parts of an OPLAN/OPORD
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HEADING OPLAN/OPORD CODE NAME/ NUMBER CLASSIFICATION
Copy Number __ of ____ Copies Issuing Headquarters Place of Issue Date-Time Group Message Reference Number HEADING OPLAN/OPORD CODE NAME/ NUMBER References: Time Zone:
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BODY a. Command TASK ORGANIZATION: I. SITUATION: b. Friendly Forces
a. Enemy Forces b. Friendly Forces c. Assumptions II. MISSION: III. EXECUTION: a. Concept of Operations b. Tasks: c. Coordinating Instructions: IV. ADMINISTRATION AND LOGISTICS a. Administration b. Logistics V. COMMAND AND SIGNAL a. Command b. Signal BODY
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ENDING COMDR RANK POSITION OPNS OFFR ANNEXES : A APPENDIX: TABS:
Acknowledge: COMDR RANK POSITION OFFICIAL: OPNS OFFR ANNEXES : A Z APPENDIX: I XX TABS: (a) (b) ENCLOSURES: (1) (2) DISTRIBUTION: A - Z ENDING
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Sample format
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Levels of Classification
Place the classification at the top and bottom of every page of OPLAN/OPORD Levels of Classification Top Secret - The highest level of classification of material on a national level. Such material would cause "exceptionally grave damage" to national security if publicly available. Secret - Such material would cause "serious damage" to national security if publicly available. Confidential - Such material would cause "damage" or be "prejudicial" to national security if publicly available. Restricted - Such material would cause "undesirable effects" if publicly available. Some countries do not have such a classification. CLASSIFICATION
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- maybe coded; for security reason; for tracing purposes
Copy Number __ of ____ Copies - maybe coded; for security reason; for tracing purposes Issuing Headquarters - maybe coded; for security reason Place of Issue - maybe coded; for security reason Date-Time Group - shows when the OPLAN / OPORD was signed or effective Message Reference Number to facilitate acknowledgement of order
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OPLAN/OPORD [CODE NAME] [NUMBER]
Plans and orders normally receive a code name and are numbered consecutively within a calendar year References: (List of Maps, charts, datum & other related documents the unit needs to understand the OPLAN/OPORD Map series number (and country or geographic area, if required Sheet number (and name if required) Edition and scale if required Time Zone: used throughout the OPLAN/OPORD HOTEL for Philippines (optional)
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TASK ORGANIZATION: Organization of the Command for the conduct of operation Describe the allocation of forces to support the concept of operations Commander’s plan to allocate his combat power to accomplish the mission Maybe placed in an Annex – Annex A (Task Organization) or in paragraph 3 (EXECUTION); if so, indicate “Paragraph 3” If no change, “No Change” If few changes, “No change except paragraph 3b”
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(Continuation) 15TH SW 16TH AS 18TH AS 20TH AS 207TH THS (OPCON) 460TH MSG 461ST FMS 463RD AAMS 1ST AD 600TH ABW 620TH SPG 621ST SPS 622ND SPS 630TH SSG 631ST CS 672ND FSU (DS) - depending on unit designation (mechanized infantry; infantry etc) TASK ORGANIZATION: Grouped by command and control headquarters in numerical and alphabetical order sequence for listing of units Combat Combat Support (CS) Combat Service Support (CSS) - names and ranks of commanders of each command and control headquarters may be indicated opposite the unit designation, if appropriate
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- composition; disposition; location; movement; estimated
I. SITUATION: a. General - information on the overall situation essential for subordinate commanders to understand b. Enemy Forces: - composition; disposition; location; movement; estimated strength; identification; capabilities - maybe placed in an Annex or Current INTSUM c. Friendly Forces: - not involved in an operation - listed by higher, adjacent, supporting or reinforcing d. Attachments/Detachments: - units attached/detached to issuing HQS and their effective dates (“Remains attached”) - state if placed in “Task Organization” e. Assumptions:
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Assumption Supposition of current situation or a presupposition on the future course of events, either or both assumed true in absence of positive proof. List all assumptions received from higher HQ State expected conditions over w/c the commander has no control but relevant to the plan List conditions that will invalidate the plan or its concept of opns Validity Necessity
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AIR FORCE OFFICER SCHOOL
II. MISSION: CLEAR and CONCISE STATEMENT of the task (to include special task of higher headquarters and implied task as perceived) Answers WHO,WHAT, WHEN, WHERE and WHY Contains the TASK and the PURPOSE MISSION OF THE AIR FORCE OFFICER SCHOOL To conduct Professional Military Education courses to all EP of the PAF
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Intent: State the commander’s intent
III. EXECUTION: Intent: State the commander’s intent - Commander’s intent for the accomplishment of mission within the time available and in the absence of additional communications or further instruction a. Concept of Operations - Commander’s visualization of the operation from start to completion (As a minimum, includes scheme of maneuver and concept of fire) - When an opns involve two or more distinct and separate phases, the concept maybe prepared in subparagraphs describing each phase. - For large scale operations, maybe placed in an Annex.
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COMMANDER’S INTENT Links the mission and concept of operations
Describes the end state and key task along w/ the mission which serve as basis for subordinate’s initiative Components End state Key task Expanded purpose (if desired)
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III. EXECUTION: (Continuation)
a. Concept of Operations Includes the following: Maneuver (Scheme of Maneuver) Fires (Scheme of fires) Air Support (Allocation of Air Operations) Field Artillery support (Allocation of fire support) Naval gunfire support Fire Support coordinating measures Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Engineer Military Police Operations Civil Military Operations
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a. Concept of Operations
III. EXECUTION: a. Concept of Operations b. Tasks: specific tasks of each unit, for clarity itemized; when instructions are multiple arrangement of units, similar to Task Organization (or by priority or sequence of accomplishment) Maneuver units Fire Support Combat Support Combat Service Support Reserves
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III. EXECUTION: a. Concept of Operations b. Tasks: c. Coordinating Instructions: - Coordination and control instructions applicable to two or more elements of the Command (Troop safety measures, restriction on use of weapons, etc) - Instructions which applies to two or more tasked units and sometimes used to define functions of the Commander’s Coordinating Staff members (1) Contains a list of instructions (a) List of specific instructions (2) Other instructions
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IV. ADMINISTRATIVE AND LOGISTICS OR SERVICE SUPPORT
- Admin functions, manner of logistic supports, CSS instructions - Higher Command - reference may be made to admin/log order - Lower level commands - may be placed as an ANNEX - Sub paragraphs – a. Supply classes, maintenance schedule & places b. Transportation c. Med Evacuation d. Personnel (rotation/R&R, POW administration) e. CMO (Control of civilian population/refugees, etc) f. Miscellaneous
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V. COMMAND AND SIGNAL - Instructions related to Command, Operations of CE; Signals; Passwords, CEOI a. Command: - Chain of Command/Chart; Succession of Command Main/Alternate/Tactical/Advance Command Post) b. Signal: - Communication-electronics and information systems; communication net; radio frequencies; call signs - may refer to an ANNEX
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- Only last names of the Commanders and Operations Officer
Acknowledge: COMDR RANK POSITION OFFICIAL: OPNS OFFR - Only last names of the Commanders and Operations Officer ANNEXES : A Z APPENDIX: I XX TABS: (a) (b) ENCLOSURES: (1) (2) DISTRIBUTION: A - Z Commander signs “Copy Nr 1” only; kept as file copy if Chief of Staff signs the original, “FOR THE COMMANDER” is added - Opns Officer signs “Copy Nr 2” and so on - “OFFICIAL” does not appear in “Copy Nr 1”
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- amplifies an Appendix
Acknowledge: COMDR RANK POSITION OFFICIAL: OPNS OFFR ANNEXES : A Z APPENDIX: I XX TABS: (a) (b) ENCLOSURES: (1) (2) DISTRIBUTION: A - Z - amplifies an Annex - amplifies an Appendix - according to policy and procedures of issuing authority
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ANNEXES: Commander’s Estimate of the Situation Personnel Estimate
Intelligence Estimate Logistic Estimate (Logistic Annex) 5. Communications-Electronics Estimate
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ANNEXES: (Continuation)
Issuing Headquarters Place Date and Time ANNEX B to OPLAN “MAGKAISA” (Intelligence) References: I. MISSION II. SUMMARY OF ENEMY SITUATION A. Strength B. Areas of Operation C. Composition and Disposition D. Armaments/Logistics E. Capabilities
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ANNEXES: (Continuation)
III. ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF INFORMATION IV. RECONNNAISSANCE AND OBSERVATION MISSIONS V. MEASURES FOR HANDLING CAPTURED PERSONNEL, DOCUMENTS AND MATERIEL VI. MAPS AND AIR PHOTOS VII. COUNTERINTELLIGENCE VIII. REPORTS AND DISTRIBUTION COMMANDER OFFICIAL: INTELLIGENCE OFFICER Incls:
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Summary DEFINITIONS CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD OPLAN/OPORD
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN AND OPLAN AND OPORD PARTS OF AN OPLAN/OPORD PREPARATION OF AN OPLAN/OPORD
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Developing the plan is actually laying out the sequence of events that have to occur for you to achieve your goal. George L. Morrisey
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QUESTIONS?
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List of Scenario 1.Bombing 2.Fire Drills 3.Rally / Demo 4.Imminent
5.Attack 6.Explosion 7.Sabotage 8. Volcanic 9.Eruption 10.Hostage Taking 11. Kidnapping 12. Mass poisoning
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NCO SCHOOL IMPLAN TO CAMP DEFENSE PLAN MISSION DESIGNATED SECTOR
CONCEPT OFOPERATIONS SECTOR ORGANIZATION DISPOSITION OF TROOPS
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MISSION TO PREPARE, EMPLOY AND SUSTAIN THE FORCES AND RESOURCES OF THE SCHOOL TO SUPPORT THE SECTORAL DEFENSE PLAN
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Sector 5 Sector 2 Sector 1 Sector 3 Sector 4 Sector 6 AETC, FAB
(GC, 740TH CG, 710th SPOW) Sector 2 (CMDT, BMTS) Sector 1 Sector 3 (GC, 440TH AMG) (CMDT, PAFOCS) Sector 4 Sector 6 Projected is the division of AETC AOR into six sectors. (CMDT, NCOS) (GC, 550TH ABG) AETC, FAB 45
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HOSP NCOS 4 3 Sector 4, under Commandant, NCOS, will include the NCOS area, FABH, and 554th APS. 12 2 2 1 1 11 554TH APS SECTOR 4 46
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CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS NCOS shall assume the responsibility of providing maximum security and defence of vital installations within Sector 4. The command and control of Sector 4 shall be assumed by the Assistant Commandant, NCOS as Sector Commander upon activation of the Command Battle Defense Organization. Sector 4 shall man the Road Blocks 1(A, B) and 2, each with Officer-Led 7-Man Team, to basically isolate vital installation from residential areas. Further, another Officer-Led 7-Man Team shall be organized as QRT/DRT within Sector 4. Upon declaration of RA DEFCON 1 a 6-Man Team QRT shall be sent to QRF Squadron while the 234 students shall be released to Reserved Group.
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ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE
SECTOR 4 COMMANDER DEPUTY COMMANDER SGT MAJOR OPERATIONS LOGISTICS ROAD BLOCK TEAM 1 TEAM 2 SECTOR QRT QRT (QRF SQDN) RESERVED FORCE (234 STUDENTS)
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DISPOSITION OF TROOPS SECTOR 4
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Sector 4 Battle Staff Office
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DISPOSITION OF TROOPS SECTOR 4 ROAD BLOCK TEAM 1 ROAD BLOCK TEAM 2
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DISPOSITION OF TROOPS SECTOR 4 QUICK REACTION TEAM (FOR QRF)
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“In time of peace prepare for war.“
George Washington
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