1. HISTORY OF LAW ENFORCEMENT

2. Function of Law Enforcement
Function of the Police Department
Basically the Police Department:
Enforce laws by arresting offenders
Maintain order by: preventing crime
social events and parades
patrolling against crime
Protecting life and freedoms (liberty)

3. Historical Development
Early Times
In Early times (BC), tribes banded together to protect themselves. Codes were developed and informal codes of conduct became the norm. These codes were not written laws. Later the chief of the tribe appointed members to enforce the codes. If a code was broken the injured party had the responsibility to deal with the offender. Justice was usually harsh, usually by stoning, branding, and even mutilation.
The results of this often led to feuds among the family. To end this blood feud, the concept of civil restitution became popular.

4. 2111 BC
Codified customs appeared. It was the Code of Hammurabi. Penalties were attached to criminal acts (“An eye for an eye”)

5. 27 BC
Rome established a unit of men known as vigiles. These men were assigned precincts as their job was to patrol the area, as well as fight fires. These vigils were armed and considered the FIRST MUNICIPAL LAW ENFORCEMENT UNIT
It was around this time that the Chinese developed fingerprinting as a means of identification.

6. ENGLAND
The Hue and Cry System was developed. It required every able bodied man to join and chase offenders.
King Henry I established Felonies and Misdemeanors. Crimes were no longer committed against the person, instead it was against the state. King Henry II established the Grand Jury and began raising taxes to pay for police.

7. 1829
The Peelian Reform was introduced to police in England. This reform introduced the model for the modern police system. It stated:

8. The Police Must: Be organized along military lines
Be under government control
Have perfect command of temper
Have good appearance, as it commands respect.
Undergo training, as it the root of efficiency
Have an ID number
Have centrally located headquarters
Be hired on a probationary basis
Keeps a written system of records

9. UNITED STATES & LONG ISLAND
The U.S. adopted the way of the English. The police wore copper badges (as opposed to silver), hence the name coppers or cops.

10. 1693
The 1st uniformed officer is employed in NYC

11. 1801
Boston is the 1st city to acquire a formal/paid night watch

12. 1844
NYPD is formed
Early 1900’s
Law enforcement in Suffolk County was the responsibility of the towns/ villages

13. 1901
Fingerprinting becomes an established practice.

14. 1917 1925 New York state police arrived on Long Island
Nassau County Police Department is formed

15. 1960 Suffolk County Police Department is formed
(over time… divided into precincts)

16. The Patrol Function
Regardless of style of policing, uniformed patrol officers are the backbone of the police department, usually accounting for about two-thirds of a department’s personnel. Patrol officers are the most highly, visible components of the entire criminal justice system. They are charged with supervising specific areas of their jurisdiction, called beats, whether in a patrol car, or by motorcycle, horse, helicopter, or even boat. Each beat, or patrol area, is covered 24 hours a day by different shifts. The major purposes of patrol are to:

17. Deter crime by maintaining a visible presence
Maintain public order/ peacekeeping within the patrol area
Enable the police department to respond quickly to law violations or other emergencies
Identify and apprehend law violators
Aid individuals and care for those who cannot help themselves
Facilitate the movement of traffic and people
Create a feeling of security in the community.