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3. The Communist Revolution in China

5. The Chinese Civil War Battle for control of China between… Battle for control of China between… Nationalists Nationalists Led by Chiang Kai-Shek Led by Chiang Kai-Shek Communists Communists Led by Mao Zedong Led by Mao Zedong **Began after the Boxer rebellion and turmoil between 1911-1928. Catalyst = Chiang expels Communists from Nationalist party in 1930s

6. 1930s-40s and during WWII In 1934, the Nationalists set out after the Communists and forced them to flee to northwest China In 1934, the Nationalists set out after the Communists and forced them to flee to northwest China This 6000 mile journey was called the “Long March”. This 6000 mile journey was called the “Long March”. About 90,000 communists and their families made the journey; about 7000 survive About 90,000 communists and their families made the journey; about 7000 survive Japan invades in 1937 Japan invades in 1937 Nationalists and Communists join forces once again to fight invaders Nationalists and Communists join forces once again to fight invaders After the war, however, they go back to fighting each other After the war, however, they go back to fighting each other

7. The Chinese Civil War (1945-1949)

8. The Communist Victory Why did the Communists succeed? Why did the Communists succeed? Won the support of the peasants through his policies of land reform Won the support of the peasants through his policies of land reform Mao preached to the poor; promised to establish a “dictatorship of the people” Mao preached to the poor; promised to establish a “dictatorship of the people” Denounced imperialism and promised to remove foreign influence Denounced imperialism and promised to remove foreign influence Called for China to industrialize; take its place as a leading world power Called for China to industrialize; take its place as a leading world power Won support of middle-class and educated Chinese by promising to end humiliation of China by foreigners Won support of middle-class and educated Chinese by promising to end humiliation of China by foreigners

9. The Fate of the Nationalists The Communist victory forces the Nationalist forces and Kai-Shek to the island of Taiwan, where they set up a Nationalist government. The Communist victory forces the Nationalist forces and Kai-Shek to the island of Taiwan, where they set up a Nationalist government. Still exists to this day, though China claims the island as its own Still exists to this day, though China claims the island as its own Taiwan also known as “Nationalist China” Taiwan also known as “Nationalist China”

10. Creating the Communist Order The Communist Constitution The Communist Constitution Set up a National People’s Congress Set up a National People’s Congress Permitted free elections, other democratic rights Permitted free elections, other democratic rights In practice, however, China became a one-party dictatorship In practice, however, China became a one-party dictatorship Mao Zedong becomes Chairman of the Communist Party, strongest leader Mao Zedong becomes Chairman of the Communist Party, strongest leader Communist party members held all of the important jobs in government Communist party members held all of the important jobs in government Communists did not allow dissent, used the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) to maintain order Communists did not allow dissent, used the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) to maintain order

11. Flag of Communist China

12. Symbolism of the Chinese Flag Red = Revolution, bloodshed Red = Revolution, bloodshed Large star = Chinese Communist Party Large star = Chinese Communist Party Smaller stars = 4 ethnic groups in China Smaller stars = 4 ethnic groups in China Mongolians, Manchurians, Tibetans, Muslims Mongolians, Manchurians, Tibetans, Muslims

13. The Rule of Mao Zedong (1949 – 1976) “Chairman Mao” was seen as a hero “Chairman Mao” was seen as a hero Communists used propaganda to create mythical, heroic status for Mao Communists used propaganda to create mythical, heroic status for Mao Chinese taught to respect and revere his leadership; he had all the answers, was infallible Chinese taught to respect and revere his leadership; he had all the answers, was infallible Children and adults memorized his Quotations From Chairman Mao (“The Little Red Book”) Children and adults memorized his Quotations From Chairman Mao (“The Little Red Book”)

14. Quotations from Mao “In class society, everyone lives as a member of a particular class, and every kind of thinking, without exception, is stamped with the brand of a class.” “In class society, everyone lives as a member of a particular class, and every kind of thinking, without exception, is stamped with the brand of a class.” “We should support whatever the enemy opposes and oppose whatever the enemy supports.” “We should support whatever the enemy opposes and oppose whatever the enemy supports.” “The revolutionary war is a war of the masses; only mobilizing the masses and relying on them can wage it.” “The revolutionary war is a war of the masses; only mobilizing the masses and relying on them can wage it.” “A revolution is not a dinner party, or writing an essay, or painting a picture, or doing embroidery; it cannot be so refined, so leisurely and gentle, so temperate, kind, courteous, restrained and magnanimous. A revolution is an insurrection, an act of violence by which one class overthrows another.” “A revolution is not a dinner party, or writing an essay, or painting a picture, or doing embroidery; it cannot be so refined, so leisurely and gentle, so temperate, kind, courteous, restrained and magnanimous. A revolution is an insurrection, an act of violence by which one class overthrows another.”

19. China Under Mao China restores order and ends foreign influence China restores order and ends foreign influence Food production increases, schools are built, health care provided to many Food production increases, schools are built, health care provided to many Over the years, Mao launches several efforts to strengthen China Over the years, Mao launches several efforts to strengthen China Great Leap Forward, Cultural Revolution Great Leap Forward, Cultural Revolution **These meet with mixed results… Under Mao, China essentially becomes a totalitarian state Under Mao, China essentially becomes a totalitarian state - Government controls all aspects of the lives of citizens

20. The Death of Mao When Mao dies in 1976, though some discontent with his policies exists, he is still venerated and honored by the Chinese When Mao dies in 1976, though some discontent with his policies exists, he is still venerated and honored by the Chinese

21. Review Give one reason why the Communists succeeded in winning the Chinese civil war. Give one reason why the Communists succeeded in winning the Chinese civil war. Where were the Nationalists forced after the Communist victory in 1949? Where were the Nationalists forced after the Communist victory in 1949? What position did Mao Zedong hold in China? What position did Mao Zedong hold in China? What do the stars on the Chinese flag represent? What do the stars on the Chinese flag represent? What method did the Communists use to create a mythical status for Mao? What method did the Communists use to create a mythical status for Mao? Under Mao, China became a ________________ state. Under Mao, China became a ________________ state.