1. Unit 12: World War I & Russian Revolution,
Overview

2. Global economic competition, militarism, alliance agreements, imperialism, and nationalistic sentiments led to rising tensions between world powers. Eventually, these sentiments led to World War I. During this war, Russia dropped out as a result of its own internal political revolution. The Treaty of Versailles, which ended the war, created a bitter Germany and a League of Nations which was doomed to fail.
Unit Summary

3. The MAIN(E) causes of World War I were Militarism, Alliance agreements, Imperialism, Nationalistic sentiments, and global Economic competition.
New technologies changed the way warfare was conducted.
The failures of Russia's czarist regime led to the Bolshevik revolt and the creation of the USSR.
The political, economic, and social impact of World War I would be felt for years to come and would set the stage for future conflict
Big Ideas

4. What were the causes of WWI and which countries participated?
How did technical advances make warfare more destructive?
Explain the political impact of Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points and the political and economic
impact of the Treaty of Versailles, including changes in boundaries and the mandate system.
How did the peace settlement plant the seeds for future conflict?
How did Russia’s economic problems and its involvement in WWI lead to the Russian Revolution?
Essential Questions

5. Militarism: European, American and Japanese arms build-ups increased global tensions.
Alliances: 2 major political/military alliances at the start of the 20th century
Triple Entente – Great Britain, France, and Russia
Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy
Imperialism
Europeans scramble for African and Asian colonies
In 1905 & 1911, the French & Germans almost went to war over Morocco
Causes of World War

6. Nationalism
Germany and Britain competed industrially
Territory disputes
Alsace-Lorraine border conflict
Franco-Prussian War
Austria-Hungary competed for dominance of the
Russia and Austria-Hungary competed to control the Balkan Peninsula
Slavic independence Alliance System – Political impact
Economic
competition for global markets and raw materials
resulting from imperialistic competition

7. Effects of WWI Treaty of Versailles: Political Effects
Only Germany was blamed for starting WWI
France got Alsace-Lorraine back
France’s border was extended to the Rhine River
Created the League of Nations
5 allied powers
32 neutral nations
excluded Russia & Germany
German colonies in the Pacific & Africa became League of Nations mandates
Limited the size of German army
Forbade Germany to build an air force or submarine force
Sykes Picot Agreement
Britain and France divided the former Ottoman Empire between them into mandates
Effects of WWI

8. Economic Impact Social Impact
Germany banned from manufacturing or importing war materials
“War Guilt Clause” Article 23: Germany forced to pay billion reparations over a 30 year pd
Germany printed huge amounts of paper money to pay off war debts. This flooded the market and caused severe post-war inflation.
1n 1924, U.S. implemented Dawes Plan Loaned 0,000,000 to strengthen Germany’s economy
implemented more realistic reparations repayment schedule
Social Impact
Total war – combatants mobilized every national resource available to obtain their objective
Mobilized large quantities of soldiers; took them away from productive jobs
Food rationing
Used propaganda to divert attention from the economy to the war effort
Governmental policy changes addressed the wartime economy

9. Trench warfare
French Western Front:
few gains
high casualty rates on both sides
New military technology
airplane
mustard gas
machine guns
armored tanks
larger artillery
High casualty rates
8.5 million soldiers
21 million soldiers wounded
Thousands of civilians died from starvation, disease, or slaughter.

10. Major Characteristics of WWI
Total war – combatants mobilized every national resource available to obtain their objective
Mobilized large quantities of soldiers; took them away from productive jobs
Food rationing
Used propaganda to divert attention from the economy to the war effort
Trench warfare
French Western Front:
few gains
high casualty rates on both sides
New military technology
Major Characteristics of WWI

11. High casualty rates airplane mustard gas machine guns armored tanks
larger artillery
flamethrowers
High casualty rates
8.5 million soldiers
21 million soldiers wounded
Thousands of civilians died from starvation, disease, or slaughter

12. Political Impact of Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points
Secret treaties eliminated
Freedom of the seas
Free trade
Cut land & sea military forces
Re-organized colonies
Sought self-determination for newly created European countries:
Poland, Hungary, Yugoslavia, Austria. Finland. Estonia, Latvia.
Lithuania. Turkey, Czechoslovakia
Create an organization for collective security and protection
Political Impact of Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points

13. Called the “Peace built on quicksand” because it was so weak and ineffective
Political impact
Only Germany was blamed for starting WWI
France got Alsace-Lorraine back
France’s border was extended to the Rhine River
Created the League of Nations
5 allied powers
32 neutral nations
excluded Russia & Germany
Treaty of Versailles

14. German colonies in the Pacific & Africa became League of Nations mandates
Limited the Germany army
Forbade Germany to build an air force or submarines
Sykes Picot Agreement
Britain and France divided the former Ottoman Empire between them into mandates
U.S. rejected Treaty of Versailles
U.S. signed a separate peace treaty with Germany

15. Economic impact
Germany banned from producing or importing war materials and weapons
“War Guilt Clause” Article 23:
Germany forced to pay over billion in war reparations over 30 years
Germany printed huge amounts of paper money to pay off war debts. This flooded the market and caused severe post-war inflation.
1n 1924, U.S. implemented Dawes Plan
loaned 0,000,000 to strengthen Germany’s economy
implemented more realistic reparations repayment schedule