1. The Crusades

2. Definitions Crusades:
A long series of wars between Christians and Muslims
Holy Land:
Region where Jesus had lived, preached, and died. (Palestine)

3. Causes of the Crusades Late 1000’s: Turkish Muslims captured Jerusalem
Turks attacked:
Christian Pilgrims
Byzantine Empire

4. Causes of the Crusades Byzantine Emperor asks help from:
Pope Urban III
Response:
Pope agreed to help

5. Causes for the Crusades
Byzantine religion:
Orthodox Christian
Pope’s religion:
Roman Catholic

6. Call to Arms Pope Urban’s call:
Asked all Christian’s to retake the Holy Land
Response:
Thousands joined the Pope’s army

7. Call to Arms Training site: France The sowed crosses meaning:
Fighting for God

8. Call to Arms
Crusade:
Marked with a cross
Rally Cry:
“God wills it!”

9. Call to Arms 5 reasons for fighting: 1. Save their souls
2. God would like it
3. Land
4. Adventure
5. Treasure

10. First Crusade 1096: Crusaders left for the Holy Land
What caused the German war:
Crusaders blamed Jews there for Jesus’ death

11. First Crusades 1099: Nobles & Knights reached Jerusalem
One month later:
Christians conquer Jerusalem

12. First Crusades Crusader’s setup: Four small kingdoms
Was it successful:
No, they are eventually overthrown

13. Second Crusade
1147:
French and German Kings tried to retake land from Muslims
Why did it fail:
Poor Planning
Heavy losses on the Journey

14. Third Crusade Cause: Muslims retook Jerusalem Christian invaders:
England
France
Germany

15. Third Crusade What happened to: Germany’s king: Died France’s King:
Withdrew

16. Third Crusades King Richard I (The Lion-Hearted):
King of England who lead the Crusade
Admired for his bravery by the Muslims

17. Third Crusade Who is Saladin: Muslim Leader Brilliant leader
Respected for his kindness towards his enemies
Winners:
Muslims

18. Fourth Crusade 1201: French knights arrive in Venice Voyage paid by:
Venetians

19. Fourth Crusade In return for: Conquering Zara Knights also attacked:
Constantinople
Who won:
Muslims

20. End of Crusades Four reasons for the Crusades failure:
1. Had to travel far to reach war
2. Unprepared for the desert climate
3. Christians were outnumbered
4. Leader fought among themselves

21. Crusades change Europe
Three effects of the Crusades:
1. Trade between Europe & Asia
2. Kings became more powerful
3. Tensions between Christians, Jews, and Muslims grew