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Oklahoma City Community College
Vertebrates BIO 2215 Oklahoma City Community College Dennis Anderson
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The Vertebrates
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Subphylum Vertebrata Vertebrae replace notochord during embryonic development
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Fig. 48.8
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Superclass Agnatha No jaws No paired appendages Notochord as adult
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Ostracoderms Earliest vertebrate Paleozoic era Filter feeders
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Hagfish and Lamprey
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Class Cephalaspidomorphi Lamprey
Parasites
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Class Myxini Hagfish
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Superclass Gnathostomata
Jaws Paired appendages
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Fig
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Class Condrichthyes Subclass Elasmobranchii
Cartilage skeleton Notochord No opercula No swim bladder
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Squalus Dogfish Shark Fig. 24.8
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Dasyatus Stingray
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Osteichthyes Boney fish Not a taxon Formerly a class
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Class Actinopterygii Rays in fins Bones Operculum Swim bladder
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Fig
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Fish Scales Fig
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Fig
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Salmon Adipose Fin Dorsal Fin Caudal Fin Pectoral Fin Pelvic Fin
Anal Fin
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Migration Behavior
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Subclass Dipneusti Lung Fish
Breathe air when lake or river dries up
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Class Sarcopterygii Coelacanth Lobed fins muscles Order Crossopterygii
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Gas exchange Gills Ram Ventilation Skin Mouth Gulp air Lungs
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Fig
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Buoyancy Sharks must constantly swim to keep from sinking
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Fig a
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1% Salt
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Freshwater Fish 0% Salt Water 1% Salt Salt Absorb Salt Urine
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Marine Fish 3.5% Salt Water 1% Salt Salt Secrete Salt Urine
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Reproduction Lay eggs in water Ovoviparous Viviparous
Egg remains in mother until offspring hatch The offspring are born alive Viviparous Embryo receives nourishment from mother
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Courtship Behavior
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Oklahoma Fish
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Longnose Gar Order Semionotiformes Lepisosteus
Ganoid scale Long snout
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Channel Catfish Order Siluriformes Ictalurus
Rounded anal fin
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Large Mouth Bass Order Perciformes Micropterus
Upper jaw extends past the eye
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Small Mouth Bass Order Perciformes Micropterus
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Crappies Order Perciformes Pomoxis
White crappie is not as dark as dark as the black crappie Eat crustacean and small fish
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Bluegill Sunfish Order Perciformes Lepomis
Small mouth Oval shape Eat crustaceans and insects
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Carp Order Cypriniformes
Large dorsal fin Arched back Omnivores
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Tetrapods Animals with 4 limbs Evolved from fish Amphibians Reptiles
Birds Mammals Evolved from fish
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Transition from Sea to Land
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Coelacanth
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Eusthenopteron
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Panderichthys
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Tiktaalik
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Transitional Tetrapods
Skull, teeth, limbs similar to lobe-finned fish Acanthostega Ichthyostega
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Fig. 25.CO Amphibians
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Fig. 25.8
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Fig
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Adaptations to live on land
Gills are usually lost Lungs function Breathe through skin Secrete mucus Prevent dehydration Aids in respiration
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More Adaptations to live on land
Skeleton Fins evolve into limbs Vertebral column supports body underneath it Air is not as buoyant as water
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Evolution of Circulation
Fish Amphibian
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Class Amphibia Land and water Skin with mucoid secretions
Reproduce in water Skin with mucoid secretions Respiration No scales, feathers or hair Heart with 3 chambers 2 atria 1 ventricle One cervical vertebra Ectothermic (Piokelothermic)
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Fig
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Order Caudata (Urodela)
Salamanders Long tail Four legs
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Newt – Salamander With Rough Skin
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Paedomorphosis Fig a
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Fig b
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Order Anura Frogs and toads No tail in adult Webbed feet
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Family Plethodontidae
No lungs Breathes through skin
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Family Salamandridae Has lungs True salamanders
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Toad
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Mating Calls
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Poison Dart Frogs
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Fig
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Order Apoda (Gymnophiona)
Caecilian No legs Skin glands Live in tropics
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The End
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