1. Chapter 5 The Greek City States Part 2
Mr. C. Dennison
Cardinal Hayes HS
Bronx, NY

2. ephors
Five officials in ancient Sparta who were elected for one-year terms to make sure the king stayed within the law.

3. metics
People living in Athens who were not Athenian citizens, who could work and who paid taxes but were not allowed to own land or take part in government.

4. archons
Rulers in ancient Athens who served one-year terms.

5. Cleisthenes
He seized power in Athens and turned it into a democracy.

6. Draco
He is believed to have created Athens's first written law code. These laws were so harsh and severe that today we call a harsh law a Draconian law.

7. terracing
Carving small, flat plots of land from hillsides to use for farming.

8. import
Good or service bought from another country or region.

9. export
Good or service sold to another country or region.

10. pedagogue
In ancient Greece, a male slave who taught a young boy manners.

11. ethics Study of what is good and bad, and of moral duty.
Image: Aristotle and Plato

12. rhetoric
Study of public speaking and debating.

13. Sophists
Athenian men who opened schools for boys to study government, mathematics, ethics, and rhetoric.

14. Persian Wars
Conflicts between Greece and Persia.

15. Greco Persian Wars

16. Marathon
Battle during the Persian Wars when Persia invaded Greece. Pheidippides, a messenger from the Battle of ________ to Athens, allegedly died after running 26.3 miles with news of victory.

17. military
In Sparta, the goal was to make every adult male citizen part of the _________ machine.

18. Battle of Thermopylae
Battle during the Persian Wars in which Spartan troops fought to the death against a much larger Persian force.

19. King Leonidas of Sparta, knowing the likely outcome of the battle, selected his 300 men with one simple criteria: He took only men who had sons that were old enough to take over the family responsibilities of their fathers. Below: The statue of King Leonidas at Sparta today.

20. King Leonidas

21. Thermopylae today

23. The Spartans, commanded by their king Leonidas, were to keep the coastal road at Thermopylae (the name, "hot gate", is derived from a sulfurous spring in the neighborhood). By occupying this position, the Spartans and their allies would prevent the Persian army from attacking the Greek navy in the rear.

24. After the death of Leonidas and the end of Theban resistance, the surviving Spartans and Thespians retreated to a small hill, where they were killed by Persian archers.

25. Themistocles
He tricked Xerxes’ Persian forces into attacking the Athenian fleet in the narrow Salamis Strait. In the narrow waters of the strait, the Greeks sank much of the Persian fleet.

26. Satellite image of Salamis, with the straits to the mid-right

27. Pericles
He was a great general, orator, and statesman. Athens reached its peak of power and wealth under his rule.

28. Delian League
Alliance of city-states in ancient Greece, with Athens as a leader.
Sometimes called The Athenian League

30. Peloponnesian War
War between Sparta and Athens that broke out in 431 B.C. And lasted for 27 years.

31. Sparta Won