1. The Beginnings of Civilization
3,700,000 to 587 B.C.

2. How We Study History
primary source – material created during the time being studied (artifacts-tools)
secondary source – material created after the time being studied

3. Hominids www.houseofcanes.com/ ordinfo.htm
Key characteristics
Walk upright
Earliest form of human
Left no written records
Oldavai Gorge, Africa (location early fossils were found)

4. Lucy www.pbs.org/saf/ 1105/features/eureka3.htm
Oldest human-like skeletal remains ever found
3.5 million years old
Found in Ethiopia, Africa

5. First Humans www.public.iastate.edu/ ~cfford/342ggsintro.htm
Hunter/gatherers
Nomadic- moved from place to place following herds of animals
Traveled in clans of 40-50
Men hunted, women gathered

6. First Humans
Homo sapiens – emerge 250,000 years ago and mastered creating fire
Cro-Magnon  survived (us = man)
-Buried their dead (sign of religion)
Neanderthals  died
Types of homo sapiens

7. Neolithic Revolution!
Neolithic Revolution – man shifts from hunting and gathering to farming and domesticating animals
excess food led to storage (pottery)  excess pots required labeling of different pots (writing)  writing led to written accounts of information (history) 1 2 3

8. Bronze Age domino.kappa.ro/.../ ist_ilustrata/$file/4.jpg
Combined copper and tin
Made better tools
Weakness: not strong enough
Better tools and excess of food lead to towns and new jobs (craftsmen)

9. Civilization www.hcc-nd.edu/images/ Calendars-Oct03.gif
Civilization key characteristics: Cities, Gov’t, religion, social structure, technology, writing, art

10. Iron Age www.hants.gov.uk/museum/ ironagem/reception.html
Iron was smelted (melted) from iron ore
Much stronger than bronze