1. Industrial Revolution
World History Honors

2. Ch. 19 Vocabulary Exam, Mon., 3/2
Ch. 19, sect. 1
Ch. 19, sect. 2
Ch. 19, sect. 3
Ch. 19, sect. 4
Anesthetic
Enclosure
James Watt
smelt
5. Capital
6. Enterprise
7. Entrepreneur
8. putting-out system
9. Eli Whitney
10. Turnpike
11. Urbanization
12. Tenement
13. Labor union
14. Thomas Malthus
15. Utilitarianism
16. Socialism
17. Means of Production
18. Karl Marx
19. Communism
20. Proletariat
21. Social democracy

3. Ch. 21 Vocabulary Exam, Fri. 3/6
Ch. 21, sect. 1
Ch. 21, sect. 2
Ch. 21, sect. 3
Ch. 21, sect. 4
Henry Bessemer
Alfred Nobel
Dynamo
Thomas Edison
Interchangeable parts
Assembly line
Orville and Wilbur Wright
Stock
Corporation
cartel
11. Germ theory
12. Louis Pasteur
13. Florence Nightingale
14. Joseph Lister
15. Urban renewal
16. mutual-aid society
17. Standard of living
18. Cult of Domesticity
19. Temperance movement
20. Elizabeth Cady Stanton
21. women’s suffrage
22. Sojourner Truth
23. Charles Darwin
24. Racism
25. Social gospel
None that will be tested

4. Essential Question:
What caused an Industrial Revolution in England in the 1800s?

5. What caused the Industrial Revolution & why did it begin in England?
In the mid-1700s, an Industrial Revolution began in England that transformed the way work was done
Rather than making goods by hand, new machines mass-produced products which lowered costs, increased profits, & changed the way people lived
By 1900, industrialization spread through Europe & to the United States transforming the West into the dominant region of the world
What caused the Industrial Revolution & why did it begin in England?

6. What was life like before the Industrial Revolution?

7. Farmers relied on the medieval & inefficient three-field system
Before the Industrial Revolution, most Europeans worked & lived on small farming villages using inefficient methods of farming
Farmers relied on the medieval & inefficient three-field system
Few farmers experimented with new farm techniques
As a result, the food that was produced kept the population of Europe from growing rapidly

8. New crops like corn & potatoes were introduced
In the mid-1700s new farm techniques led to an Agricultural Revolution in Europe
Fences were used to protect large farms (called the enclosure movement)
Scientific farming methods like crop rotation maximized farmland & increased production
New crops like corn & potatoes were introduced
New tools like the iron plow & seed drill made farming more efficient

9. As a result of this agricultural revolution, more food was made & Europe’s population increased…
…This large population of workers who would soon find work in industrial factories

10. The Industrial Revolution began in England for a variety of reasons
England had large deposits of natural resources, especially iron & coal
England had banks, a gov’t that encouraged trade & invention, & money to invest in industry
England’s colonies provided cheap raw materials & markets to sell industrial goods

11. From 1750 to 1850, England was the most industrialized nation in the world

12. What was the first industry to industrialize?

13. The population boom created a demand for clothing but traditional methods of textile making were slow
As a result, the textile industry became the first to become industrialized

14. What do these inventions do?
Sewing machine
Spin yarn
Weave yarn into cloth
New inventions sped up spinning, weaving, sewing

15. What do these inventions do?
European demand for cotton led to a boom in cotton production and slavery in the southern United States
Cotton gin
Eli Whitney’s invention of the cotton gin stimulated a demand for cotton textiles

16. New textile machinery led to the factory system
Power-driven machines were able to mass-produce goods very fast & cheap
Factory owners made huge profits selling mass-produced clothes

17. Factories needed power & were usually located near rivers
The textile industry & the rise of the factory system led to the growth of other industries
Factories needed power & were usually located near rivers
In 1765, James Watt invented the first steam engine
Steam engines produced more power & allowed factories to be built in cities near workers

18. Factories led to a demand for faster transpiration
The textile industry & the rise of the factory system led to the growth of other industries
Factories led to a demand for faster transpiration
Roads & canals were built in England; Robert Fulton’s steamboat increased the speed of water travel
The greatest improvement to transportation was the steam-powered railroad
Railroads Revolutionize Life in Britain
The invention and perfection of the locomotive had at least four major effects. First, railroads spurred industrial growth by giving manufacturers a cheap way to transport materials and finished products. Second, the railroad boom created hundreds of thousands of new jobs for both railroad workers and miners. These miners provided iron for the tracks and coal for the steam engines. Third, the railroads boosted England’s agricultural and fishing industries, which could transport their products to distant cities. Finally, by making travel easier, railroads encouraged country people to take distant city jobs. Also, railroads lured city dwellers to resorts in the countryside. Like a locomotive racing across the country, the Industrial Revolution brought rapid and unsettling changes to people’s lives.
RRs were fast, increased profits, & stimulated the iron & coal industries

19. Growth of Railroads,

20. Iron was needed to produce new machines, engines, & railroad track
The textile industry & the rise of the factory system led to the growth of other industries
The Industrial Revolution led to an increase in coal to power factories & RRs
Iron was needed to produce new machines, engines, & railroad track
By 1800, England made more iron than all other nations in the world combined

21. The textile industry & the rise of the factory system led to the growth of other industries
Henry Bessemer invented a cheap process for making steel which is stronger than iron
Steel allowed engineers to design more powerful machines, taller buildings, & longer bridges

22. E. Other Inventions of the Industrial Revolution: 1
E. Other Inventions of the Industrial Revolution: Use the images to guess what each industrial invention is X A E I B F J C G K D H L

23. Other inventions of the Industrial Revolution include electricity, new forms of communication such as the telegraph & telephone, business machines like typewriters & cash registers, and medical improvements like vaccines

24. The Industrial Revolution soon spread throughout Europe & America
Germany was quick to embrace new industrial technologies
Germany had large supplies of coal & iron ore
Germans built a large network of railroads, iron & textile factories
Germany was politically divided in the early 1800s. Economic isolation and scattered resources hampered countrywide industrialization. Instead, pockets of industrialization appeared, as in the coal-rich Ruhr Valley of west central Germany. Beginning around 1835, Germany began to copy the British model. Germany imported British equipment and engineers. German manufacturers also sent their children to England to learn industrial management. Most important, Germany built railroads that linked its growing manufacturing cities, such as Frankfurt, with the Ruhr Valley’s coal and iron ore deposits. In 1858, a German economist wrote, “Railroads and machine shops, coal mines and iron foundries, spinneries and rolling mills seem to spring up out of the ground, and smokestacks sprout from the earth like mushrooms.” Germany’s economic strength spurred its ability to develop as a military power. By the late 1800s, a unified, imperial Germany had become both an industrial and a military giant.
By the mid 1800s, Germany was one of the world’s industrial leaders & built a powerful modern militaries

25. The Industrial Revolution soon spread throughout Europe & America
Industrial ideas turned the United States into an important world power
Southern cotton led to textile mills in the North
After the Civil War in 1865, American industry boomed & the United States became a world leader in railroads, oil, steel, electricity
Germany was politically divided in the early 1800s. Economic isolation and scattered resources hampered countrywide industrialization. Instead, pockets of industrialization appeared, as in the coal-rich Ruhr Valley of west central Germany. Beginning around 1835, Germany began to copy the British model. Germany imported British equipment and engineers. German manufacturers also sent their children to England to learn industrial management. Most important, Germany built railroads that linked its growing manufacturing cities, such as Frankfurt, with the Ruhr Valley’s coal and iron ore deposits. In 1858, a German economist wrote, “Railroads and machine shops, coal mines and iron foundries, spinneries and rolling mills seem to spring up out of the ground, and smokestacks sprout from the earth like mushrooms.” Germany’s economic strength spurred its ability to develop as a military power. By the late 1800s, a unified, imperial Germany had become both an industrial and a military giant.
Many U.S. companies merged to form large corporations & monopolies

26. Industrialization gave Europe tremendous economic & military power
Conclusions: From 1700 to 1900, revolutions in agriculture, industry, transportation, & communication changed Western Europe and the United States
Industrialization gave Europe tremendous economic & military power
Industry also had numerous negative effects on working conditions & the standard of living for urban workers
Between 1700 and 1900, revolutions in agriculture, production, transportation, and communication changed the lives of people in Western Europe and the United States. Industrialization gave Europe tremendous economic power. In contrast, the economies of Asia and Africa were still based on agriculture and small workshops. Industrialization revolutionized every aspect of society, from daily life to life expectancy. Despite the hardships early urban workers suffered, population, health, and wealth eventually rose dramatically in all industrialized countries. The development of a middle class created great opportunities for education and democratic participation. Greater democratic participation, in turn, fueled a powerful movement for social reform.

27. Impact of the Industrial Revolution

28. Essential Question:
What was the impact of the Industrial Revolution?
Warm Up Question:
What was the factory system?
Name 3 factors that contributed to the rise of the Industrial Revolution

29. The Impact of the Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution increased production, lowered the cost of goods, & led to new technologies. But the Industrial Revolution had negative impacts as well.
Rotate through each of the six stations
Answer the questions that relate to the images and placard information
When finished, you will serve on the “Committee of Civic Improvement” and briefly present your findings on 1 topic & offer suggestions to improve life in London

30. Working Conditions and Wages

31. Working Conditions and Wages
The factory system was a major change for European workers:
Factory work became less skilled
Factory conditions were dirty, dangerous, and unhealthy
Workers worked long hours (12-16 hr day)
Factory workers were not paid well; Women & children were paid less than men
Owners required workers “clock in” & limited their breaks to increase production

33. Conditions in the Coal Mines

34. Conditions in Coal Mines
The invention of the steam engine increased demand for coal:
Coal production grew from 5 million tons in 1750 to 23 million tons in 1830
Men, women, children were used in mines
Mines were unhealthy & dangerous: Lung disease, poison gas, drowning, explosions cave-ins were common for workers

36. Child Labor

37. Child Labor
The Industrial Revolution changed the lives of many children:
Rather than working for their parents on family farms, many children in the cities worked in factories, brickyards, or mines
Living in cities was expensive so poor families needed their kids to work
Child workers earned 10% of an adult wage, worked long hours in dangerous conditions, were often beaten

39. Changing Role of Women

40. Changing Role of Women
The Industrial Revolution changed the lives of many women:
Rather than working with their husbands on family farms and taking care of children, poor women in cities worked in factories
Some women worked as domestic servants
Factory jobs for women required long hours away from their children and could leave women crippled, sick, or deformed
Women were paid ½ or ⅓ of a man’s salary

42. Urbanization

43. Urbanization Urbanization increased dramatically:
The increase in population and enclosure of farms forced people to move to cities
Poor families lived in poorly constructed apartments built by factory owners called tenements in neighborhoods called slums
Many families shared cramped apartments that lacked running water or sanitation
Hard factory jobs and disease led to short life expectancies for urban workers

45. Changing Class Structure

46. Changing Class Structure
During the Industrial Revolution, the social class system changed as ownership of land stopped being the most important factor:
At the top were the industrial capitalists who gained wealth by owning factories
The middle class grew because of growth of engineers, managers, shopkeepers
The bottom class grew because of the size of the urban poor who worked for low wages in factories

48. How did people respond to the changes & abuses of the Industrial Revolution?
Some demanded reforms to fix problems caused by the Industrial Revolution
In the mid-1800s, Britain & the U.S. passed child & women labor laws that limited hours & type of work they could perform
Reformers regulated water, food, sewage; Offered public education; Regulated living & work conditions

49. When union demands were not met, workers went on strike
How did people respond to the changes & abuses of the Industrial Revolution?
Workers joined unions & demand better pay, fewer hours, safer work conditions
When union demands were not met, workers went on strike

50. The economy of the Industrial Revolution was based on capitalism
How did people respond to the changes & abuses of the Industrial Revolution?
The economy of the Industrial Revolution was based on capitalism
As Adam Smith explained, businesses operated in a free market economy based on competition, profits, supply & demand
Governments applied laissez-faire principles & avoided heavy taxes, regulations, or interference in business

51. How did people respond to the changes & abuses of the Industrial Revolution?
Some believed that was the reasons for the growing gap between the rich and poor…

52. …and rejected capitalism in favor of socialism
How did people respond to the changes & abuses of the Industrial Revolution?
…and rejected capitalism in favor of socialism
Socialists argued that the government should plan the economy by controlling factories, farms, railroads, mines, & important industries
This would create equality & end poverty by redistributing wealth from rich capitalists to the poor workers

53. Capitalism vs. Socialism

54. Karl Marx introduced a radical form of socialism called communism
How did people respond to the changes & abuses of the Industrial Revolution?
Karl Marx introduced a radical form of socialism called communism
Marx & Friedrich Engels wrote The Communist Manifesto which predicted a war between the “haves” & “have nots”
Marx encouraged workers to overthrow owners, seize control of factories, distribute goods evenly, & create economic equality for all people