1. Chapter 14
Section 1 How We Use Land
Land Use and Land Cover
We use land for many purposes, including farming, mining, building cities and highways, and recreation.
1. Land cover is what you find on a patch of land, and it often depends on how the land is used. For example, land cover might be a forest, a field of grain, or a parking lot.
There are different types of land cover and different human uses for each cover type.

2. 2. 5 top Land Uses and Land Cover
Chapter 14
Section 1 How We Use Land
2. 5 top Land Uses and Land Cover

3. Chapter 14
Section 1 How We Use Land
Land Use and Land Cover
3. Urban describes a city, or an area that contains 2,500 or more people and usually has a governing body, such as a city council.
4. Rural describes an area of open land that is often used for farming, or any population not classified as urban.
Most land provides one or more resources that humans consume. These resources include wood in forests, crops in farmland, and mineral resources.

4. Chapter 14
Section 1 How We Use Land
Where We Live
Today, 5. most people throughout the world live in urban areas.

5. The Urban-Rural Connection
Chapter 14
Section 1 How We Use Land
The Urban-Rural Connection
Whether people live in cities or in the countryside, people are dependent on resources produced in rural areas.
These resources include clean drinking water, fertile soil and land for crops, trees for wood and paper, and much of the oxygen we breath, which is produced by plants.
An 6. ecosystem service is the role that organisms play in creating a healthful environment for humans.

6. Chapter 14
Section 2 Urban Land Use
The Urban Crisis
7. Urbanization is an increase in the ratio or density of people living in urban areas.
8. Infrastructure is the basic facilities of a country or region, such as roads, bridges, sewers, and railroads.
When more people live in a city than its infrastructure can support, the living conditions deteriorate. This growth problem has become so widespread throughout the world that the term urban crisis was coined to describe it.

7. Chapter 14
Section 2 Urban Land Use
Urban Sprawl
9. Urban sprawl is the rapid spread of a city into adjoining suburbs and rural areas.
Much of this growth results in the building of suburbs, or housing and associated commercial buildings on the boundary of a larger town.
Many of these suburbs are built on land that was previously used for food production. In fact, each year suburbs spread over another 1 million hectares (2.5 million acres) of land in the United States.

8. Other Impacts of Urbanization
Chapter 14
Section 2 Urban Land Use
Other Impacts of Urbanization
Environmental conditions in the center of a city are different from those of the surrounding countryside, as cities both generate and trap more heat.
10. Heat island where air temperature is higher than the temperature of surrounding rural areas.
Heat is generated by the infrastructure that makes a city run. Roads and buildings absorb and retain heat longer then vegetation does.

9. Chapter 14
Section 2 Urban Land Use
Urban Planning
11. Land-use planning is a set of policies and activities related to potential uses of land that is put in place before an area is developed.
The federal government requires developers to prepare detailed reports assessing the environmental impact of many projects, and the public has a right to comment on these reports.
Developers, city governments, local businesses, and citizens often disagree about land-use plans.

10. Chapter 14 Land Management
Section 3 Land Management and Conservation
Chapter 14
Land Management
The 12. main categories of rural land are farmland, rangeland, forest land, national and state parks, and wilderness.
We have sometimes managed these lands sustainably so that they will provide resources indefinitely. We have also sometimes reduced their productivity by overusing or polluting them.
The condition of rural land is important because of the ecological services that it provides.

11. Section 3 Land Management and Conservation
Chapter 14
Problems on the Range
13. Overgrazing is the depletion of vegetation due to the continuous feeding of too many animals.
Overgrazing often results in changes in the plant community. Less desirable plants may invade the area and replace more-desirable plant species.
In cases of severe overgrazing, all the vegetation that covers the land is eaten. Once the plants are gone, there is nothing to keep the soil from eroding.

12. Section 3 Land Management and Conservation
Chapter 14
Forest Lands
14. Trees are harvested to provide products we use everyday, such as paper, furniture, and lumber and plywood for our homes.
In addition to wood and paper, we also value forest products such as maple syrup and turpentine.
There are many ecosystem services provided by forests. However, one of the most important is the removal of CO2 from the air.

13. Virgin forests: forests that have never been cut.
Section 3 Land Management and Conservation
Chapter 14
Harvesting Trees
The timber industry classifies forest lands into three categories:
15.
Virgin forests: forests that have never been cut.
Native forests: forests that are planted and managed.
Tree farms: areas where trees are planted in rows and harvested like other crops.
The two most widely used methods of harvesting trees are clear-cutting and selective cutting.

14. Section 3 Land Management and Conservation
Chapter 14
Harvesting Trees
16. Clear-cutting is the process of removing all of the trees from and area of land. Clear-cutting large areas destroys wildlife habitat and causes soil erosion.
Selective cutting is the process of cutting and removing only middle-aged or mature trees. It is more expensive than clear-cutting, but is usually much less destructive. It is usually practiced on smaller areas owned by individuals.

15. Section 3 Land Management and Conservation
Chapter 14
Harvesting Trees

16. 17. Deforestation is the process of clearing forests.
Section 3 Land Management and Conservation
Chapter 14
Deforestation
17. Deforestation is the process of clearing forests.
Most countries become severely deforested as populations expand and the demand for forest products increases.
Forests are cleared to convert the land into farmland, and to make space for roads, homes, factories, and office buildings.
Deforestation reduces wildlife habitat, but it has other impacts, too.

17. Chapter 14 Parks and Preserves
Section 3 Land Management and Conservation
Chapter 14
Parks and Preserves

18. Section 3 Land Management and Conservation
Chapter 14
Wilderness
The U.S. Wilderness Act, passed in 1964, designated certain lands as wilderness areas.
18. Wilderness is a region that is not cultivated and that is not inhabited by humans.
So far, 474 regions covering 32 million acres have been designated as wilderness in the United States. These areas are open to hiking, fishing, and camping. Building roads or structures and using motorized equipment is not allowed in wilderness areas.

19. Threats to Protect Areas
Section 3 Land Management and Conservation
Chapter 14
Threats to Protect Areas
In attempts to protect wilderness from damage, limits have been set in some areas on the number of people permitted in the area at any given time.
Some areas are completely closed to visitors to allow wild animals to breed.
In addition, volunteer programs are now active in many wilderness areas. Volunteers help pick up trash, build trails, control invading or exotic species, and help educate the visiting public.

20. Chapter 14
Section 1 How We Use Land
Bellringer

21. Urban Vs. Rural Population by World Region
Chapter 14
Section 1 How We Use Land
Urban Vs. Rural Population by World Region

22. Chapter 14
Section 2 Urban Land Use
Bellringer

23. GIS Views of Seattle, Washington
Chapter 14
Section 2 Urban Land Use
GIS Views of Seattle, Washington

24. Section 3 Land Management and Conservation
Chapter 14
Bellringer

25. United States National Parks
Section 3 Land Management and Conservation
Chapter 14
United States National Parks

26. Chapter 14 Multiple Choice
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice
1. What is the term for the movement of people from rural areas to cities?
A. land-use planning
B. infrastructure
C. urban sprawl
D. urbanization

27. Chapter 14 Multiple Choice
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice
1. What is the term for the movement of people from rural areas to cities?
A. land-use planning
B. infrastructure
C. urban sprawl
D. urbanization

28. Multiple Choice, continued
Chapter 14
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued
2. Unplanned, rapid urban growth can create what problem?
F. Degradation of the ecosystem
G. Elimination of invasive vegetation
H. Infrastructure that cannot adequately support the population
I. Rangeland damaged from over grazing

29. Multiple Choice, continued
Chapter 14
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued
2. Unplanned, rapid urban growth can create what problem?
F. Degradation of the ecosystem
G. Elimination of invasive vegetation
H. Infrastructure that cannot adequately support the population
I. Rangeland damaged from over grazing

30. Multiple Choice, continued
Chapter 14
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued
3. What of the following statements generalize population distribution changes over the last 200 years?
A. Urban areas have doubled in size in 200 years.
B. More people lived in rural areas 200 years ago.
C. Population distribution has not significantly changed in 200 years.
D. Undeveloped countries have seen the most changes in 200 years.

31. Multiple Choice, continued
Chapter 14
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued
3. What of the following statements generalize population distribution changes over the last 200 years?
A. Urban areas have doubled in size in 200 years.
B. More people lived in rural areas 200 years ago.
C. Population distribution has not significantly changed in 200 years.
D. Undeveloped countries have seen the most changes in 200 years.

32. Multiple Choice, continued
Chapter 14
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued
4. Which of the following is an important aspect of land management?
F. increasing the overall size of the herds
G. leasing public lands from the federal government
H. reducing damage to land caused by overgrazing
I. removing fences from rangeland to allow livestock more grazing area

33. Multiple Choice, continued
Chapter 14
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued
4. Which of the following is an important aspect of land management?
F. increasing the overall size of the herds
G. leasing public lands from the federal government
H. reducing damage to land caused by overgrazing
I. removing fences from rangeland to allow livestock more grazing area

34. Multiple Choice, continued
Chapter 14
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued
5. Which of the following is an environmental benefit of open space?
A. Open space leads to a reduction in traffic flow.
B. Open space helps filter pollutants from air and water.
C. Open space means more land is available for planting.
D. Open space results in lower temperatures in the wintertime.

35. Multiple Choice, continued
Chapter 14
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued
5. Which of the following is an environmental benefit of open space?
A. Open space leads to a reduction in traffic flow.
B. Open space helps filter pollutants from air and water.
C. Open space means more land is available for planting.
D. Open space results in lower temperatures in the wintertime.

36. Multiple Choice, continued
Chapter 14
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued
Use this map to answer questions 6 through 9.

37. Multiple Choice, continued
Chapter 14
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued
6. Which land-use designation has the greatest potential for growth?
F. forest
G. desert
H. urban areas
I. pasture areas

38. Multiple Choice, continued
Chapter 14
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued
6. Which land-use designation has the greatest potential for growth?
F. forest
G. desert
H. urban areas
I. pasture areas

39. Multiple Choice, continued
Chapter 14
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued
7. What is the most prevalent land use in the continental United States?
A. crops and grazing
B. desert
C. pastures and woods
D. urban areas

40. Multiple Choice, continued
Chapter 14
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued
7. What is the most prevalent land use in the continental United States?
A. crops and grazing
B. desert
C. pastures and woods
D. urban areas

41. Multiple Choice, continued
Chapter 14
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued
8. Which of the following conclusions is suggested by the map?
F. Most farmers live west of the Rocky Mountains.
G. There are more rural lands in the U.S. than there are urban lands.
H. Manufacturing plants are concentrated along the Mississippi River.
I. Industries dependent on wood and wood products are located mostly in the Midwest.

42. Multiple Choice, continued
Chapter 14
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued
8. Which of the following conclusions is suggested by the map?
F. Most farmers live west of the Rocky Mountains.
G. There are more rural lands in the U.S. than there are urban lands.
H. Manufacturing plants are concentrated along the Mississippi River.
I. Industries dependent on wood and wood products are located mostly in the Midwest.

43. Multiple Choice, continued
Chapter 14
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued
9. What percentage of states in the continental United States have some land available for crops and grazing?
A. 10%
B. 50%
C. 80%
D. 100%

44. Multiple Choice, continued
Chapter 14
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued
9. What percentage of states in the continental United States have some land available for crops and grazing?
A. 10%
B. 50%
C. 80%
D. 100%

45. Image and Activity Bank
Chapter 14
Section 1 How We Use Land
Image and Activity Bank

46. Image and Activity Bank
Chapter 14
Section 1 How We Use Land
Image and Activity Bank

47. Image and Activity Bank
Chapter 14
Section 1 How We Use Land
Image and Activity Bank

48. Image and Activity Bank
Chapter 14
Section 1 How We Use Land
Image and Activity Bank

49. Image and Activity Bank
Section 3 Land Management and Conservation
Chapter 14
Image and Activity Bank

50. Image and Activity Bank
Section 3 Land Management and Conservation
Chapter 14
Image and Activity Bank

51. Image and Activity Bank
Section 3 Land Management and Conservation
Chapter 14
Image and Activity Bank

52. Image and Activity Bank
Section 3 Land Management and Conservation
Chapter 14
Image and Activity Bank

53. Image and Activity Bank
Section 3 Land Management and Conservation
Chapter 14
Image and Activity Bank