1. Biochemistry Chapters 6.2 & 6.4

2. 6.4 Macromolecules of Life pgs. 166-171
I. Organic Chemistry - The element carbon is a component of almost all biological molecules.

3. Carbon
Carbon compounds can be in the shape of straight chains, branched chains, and rings.

4. II. Macromolecules A. Polymers -
molecules made from repeating units of identical (or nearly identical) compounds linked together by covalent bonds.

5. II. Macromolecules P.C.F. NA. B. Macromolecules -
large molecules formed by joining smaller organic molecules together.
P.C.F. NA.

6. Do Now 1. Organic chemistry revolves around the element: __________.
2. Polymers are made of smaller subunits called: __________.
3. Name the four macromolecules of life:

7. 1. Carbohydrates Ratio of carbon : hydrogen : oxygen of 1:2:1 n(CH2O)

8. 1. Carbohydrates
a. Monosaccharide- n ranging from 3 to 7 (simple sugar)
b. Disaccharide - Two monosaccharides joined together
c. Polysaccharide- many monosaccharides joined together

9. Stop

10. Classify the following as mono, di, or poly – saccaride
1. C6H12O6 2.
3. C12H24O12 4.

11. Carbohydrates and the Body
a. Monosaccharides –
glucose - blood sugar
insulin response: as glucose increases, our body releases insulin to decrease blood sugar
Diabetes- difficulty with glucose homeostasis

12. Carbohydrates and the Body
b. Disaccharides –
sucrose - become monosaccharides quickly

13. Carbohydrates and the Body
c. Polysaccharides –
Cellulose (fiber) - makes you regular, lowers cholesterol
Glycogen- short term energy storage (in the liver)
Starch – long term carbohydrate storage

14. Think-Pair-Share
Explain the flow of glucose from your sandwich (mouth) to you cells.
Use the following words in your description:
Glucose
Insulin
Glycogen
Liver
Cells
Energy

15. Sucrose vs. Sucralose

16. Do Now
Poly, mono, or disaccharide? 1. 2.
3. C36H72O36
4. C4H8O8 5.

17. Objectives
1. SWBAT identify the three major types of macromolecules in our bodies.
2. SWBAT create a concept map.
3. SWBAT explain why our bodies need proteins, carbs, and fats.

18. 2. Lipids Made mostly of C and H Hydrophobic Three types of Lipids:
1. Triglyceride
2. Steroid (hormones, cholesterol)
3. Phospholipid

19. a.Saturated vs. Unsaturated Fats Triglycerides
Only Single bonds between the carbons
Solid at room temperature (typically)
Unsaturated Fats-
Double bonds between the carbons
Liquid at room temperature (typically)

20. Saturated vs. Unsaturated Fats Triglyerides

21. Click me

23. Types of Triglycerides
Saturated fats
Unsaturated fats
structural differences
all single bonds (one shared pair of electrons)
some double bonds (2 shared pairs of electrons)
state
solid fats
liquid fats
source
come from animals
come from vegetables
health
Less healthy
More healthy
Purpose
energy storage and insulation

24. So… people have a problem with….
Hydrogenated oils & trans fats
What are they?
Why do they have a problem?

25. b. Steroids: Cholesterol
HDL
LDL
name
High density lipoproteins
low density lipo proteins
function
transport cholesterol from the body to the liver for breakdown and disposal
transport cholesterol from the liver to the body
Health
good cholesterol
bad cholesterol
Purpose
strengthens cell membranes

26. c. Phospholipids Structure:
Phosphate, glycerol, and 2 fatty acid tails
Uses:
Make up the cell membrane

27. Do Now
What are the differences between saturated and unsaturated fats.

28. 3. Proteins (Polymers)
a. Made of small carbon compounds called amino acids (monomers)
Central Carbon

30. b. Atoms that make up Amino Acids:
carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, and sometimes sulfur.
Amino acids are connected together through a PEPTIDE BOND.

31. Chapter 6
Chemistry in Biology

32. c. Proteins in the Body structural - enzymes –
hair, collagen, muscle etc
enzymes –
speed up chemical reactions

33. 4. Nucleic Acids
a. complex macromolecules that store and transmit genetic information.
b. Nucleic acids are made of smaller repeating subunits called nucleotides
c. composed of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and hydrogen atoms.
Example: DNA and RNA

36. Think – Pair – Share Let’s Try These

37. Think – Pair - Share
Try THESE!

38. What is the pH scale?
The pH scale measures how acidic or basic a solution is.

39. Identifying Acids and Bases
Acids have a pH from 0-7
Lower pH value indicates a stronger acid.
Bases have a pH from 7-14
Higher pH value indicates a stronger base.

40. Acids and Bases Acids- Releases hydrogen ions.
Bases- Releases hydroxide ions.
pH- measure of concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution.

41. Characteristics Of Acids
Acids can be characterized by:
A sour taste.
It turns blue litmus paper red
It tastes sour. Try drinking lemon juice (citric acid)

42. Characteristics of Bases
A Base is characterized by:
A bitter taste. (Milk of Magnesia)
It feels slippery. (Soapy Water)
It turns Red Litmus Blue.

43. 6.2 Chemical Reactions
A chemical reaction -atoms or groups of atoms are reorganized into different substances.
Chemical Reactions:
Production of heat or light,
Formation of a gas, liquid, or solid

44. Parts of a Reaction
Reaction- Molecules breaking or coming together Reactants- What goes in the reaction Products- What comes out of the reaction Na+ + Cl- = NaCl

45. Think – Pair - Share + ATP (energy)
Glucose and oxygen react to form carbon dioxide and water.
Identify:
Products
Reactants
Is this a chemical equation? Why?
+ ATP
(energy)

46. Energy in Reactions
The activation energy - minimum amount of energy needed for reactants to turn into products

47. Types of Reactions Exothermic- released heat energy.
The energy of the product is lower than the energy of the reactants.

48. Types of Reactions Endothermic - absorbed heat energy.
The energy of the products is higher than the energy of the reactants.

49. Think – Pair - Share
Determine whether or not the following are Exothermic or Endothermic reactions:
(Neutron Partner)
1. Combustion reactions of fuels
2. melting ice cubes
3. Nuclear Bomb
4. a candle flame
5. cooking an egg

50. Enzymes: -Specialized proteins that act as “catalyst”
- Usually end in “ase”
-Lower activation energy
-Not consumed in the reaction
Catalyst- speeds up a reaction
Substrate

51. Objectives
1. SWBAT answer question on ions, compounds, molecules, and parts of the atom.
2. SWBAT review enzymes by completing a worksheet in partners and discussing answers on the board.
3. SWBAT compare and contrast heterogeneous and homogenous mixtures.
4. SWBAT discuss buffers and apply it to what they learned about acids and bases.

52. Do Now
1. Label the diagram:
2. What type of reaction is this?

53. Objectives
1. SWBAT discuss enzymes and their uses.

54. Chapter 6
Chemistry in Biology

55. What is going on in this diagram?
Active Site
HOH
Maltase (Enzyme)
Maltose (substrate)
HOH

56. Enzymes
pacman

57. How Enzymes work A substrate fits in the active site of an enzyme.
This forms an enzyme substrate complex.
***SMART BOARD Worksheet***

58. Chemistry in Biology
Do Now

59. 6.4 Macromolecules of Life
Organic Chemistry - The element carbon is a component of almost all biological molecules.

60. Let’s Review Carbon has _____ electrons in its outermost energy level.
One carbon atom can form _____ covalent bonds with other atoms.

61. Carbon
Carbon compounds can be in the shape of straight chains, branched chains, and rings.

62. Molecules Macromolecules - Polymers -
large molecules formed by joining smaller organic molecules together.
Polymers -
molecules made from repeating units of identical (or nearly identical) compounds linked together by covalent bonds.

63. Think – Pair- Share Quiz your partner on Polymer Macromolecule
Organic Chemistry

64. Think – Pair – Share
Classify the following as organic or inorganic compounds:
1. CH3
2. Mg2O
3. C8H16O8
4. NH2C2H6
5. H2O
6. NaCl

65. Think – Pair - Share
Label the parts of the reaction: