1. Could World War I have been avoided,
or was it inevitable?

2. What was World War I?
Major global conflict, centered in Europe
“The Great War”
Over 9 million killed; one of the deadliest conflicts in human history

3. M A N I Causes of World War I MANIA
Militarism – policy of building up strong military forces to prepare for war.
Alliances - agreements between nations to aid and protect one another.
Nationalism – pride or loyalty; devotion to one’s country or nation.
Imperialism – industrialized nations controlled weaker nations
Assassination – murder of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

4. Causes of WWI - Militarism “Militarism” is defined as:
1. a strong military spirit or policy.
2. the policy of maintaining a large military.
3. to put all other interests below those of the military.
Where can we find these elements in today’s world? Is America “militaristic”?

5. Causes of WWI - Alliances
Triple Entente:
Triple Alliance:
GreatBritain
Germany
Austria-Hungary
France
Russia
Italy

6. Two Armed Camps!
Allied Powers:
Central Powers:
Ottoman Empire

7. Causes of WWI - Nationalism
Pan-Slavism: Movement to unify Slavic people.

8. The “Spark”

9. The Balkans in 1878

10. Causes of WWI - Assassination
Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand was killed in Bosnia by a Serbian nationalist.
Believed Bosnia should belong to Serbia, not Austria-Hungary.

11. Gavrilo Princip after assassination of Austria-Hungarian Archduke Franz Ferdinand.
Princip was part of an organization known as the Black Hand.

12. Germany pledges their support for Austria –Hungary.
The Point of No Return: The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Austria blames Serbia for Ferdinand’s death and declares war on Serbia.
Germany pledges their support for Austria –Hungary.
Russia pledges their support for Serbia.

13. The Point of No Return: The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Germany declares war on Russia.
France pledges their support for Russia.
Germany declares war on France.
Germany invades Belgium (on the way to France).
Great Britain supports Belgium and declares war on Germany.

14. “The Chain of Friendship”

15. Warfare during WWI

16. WWI in Color

17. A New Way of War
The Industrial Revolution helped make WWI one of the bloodiest wars in human history.
Factory-made weapons made killing faster and cheaper than ever before.

18. Trench Warfare
“No Man’s Land”

19. Trench Warfare

20. British trench, France, July 1916 (during the Battle of the Somme)

21. German Trenches

22. Poison Gas

23. Poison Gas Attacks

24. American soldier wearing his gas mask.

25. Gas Attack Seen From an Airplane.

26. Gas masks for man & horse demonstrated by American soldier.

27. Chlorine, Phosgene and Mustard Gas
Main Types used were:
Chlorine, Phosgene and Mustard Gas
Chlorine - a greenish, yellow heavier than air gas which in its pure form is an oxidizing agent. This means that it will react in the presence of water to cause a chemical burning effect on organic matter. Symptoms of chlorine gas poisoning include vomiting, difficulty in breathing, a burning sensation in the lungs, eyes, nasal and mouth passages, watery eyes. In severe cases, cell damage in the lungs leads to fluid buildup in the lungs, loss of consciousness through suffocation, and death.
Phosgene - a colorless, odorless, heavier than air gas formed by heating carbon tetrachloride. It is highly poisonous in that it will preferentially replace oxygen in the cells and quickly causes an oxygen debt within the body, unconsciousness and death.
Mustard Gas - a caustic gas with a distinctive mustard smell, it causes blistering and huge sores on any exposed tissue, internal or external. Probably the most used gas, with phosgene, in the war. A nasty piece of business.

28. Effects of Mustard Gas

29. Machine Guns

30. British Mark I Tank

31. “Squadron Over the Brenta” Max Edler von Poosch, 1917
The Airplane
“Squadron Over the Brenta” Max Edler von Poosch, 1917

32. The Zeppelin

33. Flame Throwers

34. Flame Throwers
Grenade Launchers

35. Barbed Wire

36. U-Boats (aka, Submarines)

37. “Necessity is the mother of invention”
How did the military advancements in WWI prove the above quote?
The desire/need to win the war drove people to invent new and better methods to kill their enemies

38. Verdun – February, 1916 German offensive against the French.
Each side had 500,000 casualties.

39. The Somme – July, 1916
60,000 British soldiers killed in one day. Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.
British and French against the Germans

40. "What Might Possibly End War"
May 17, 1916

41. The Gallipoli Disaster, 1915
Australian and New Zealand troops (under British leadership) attempted to land in Turkey
Total failure; over 250,000 ANZAC causalities

42. America Joins the Allies

43. The Sinking of the Lusitania
May 7, 1915
Germany suspected British guns and ammo on board the Lusitania, a passenger ship
German U-Boat torpedoed the Lusitania, which sank in less than 20 min
1,198 dead; 139 Americans

45. The Zimmerman Telegram
Proposal sent by a German diplomat to the Mexican government in 1917
If Mexico joined the Central Powers, Mexico would get Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona
Message was intercepted by the British and published in American newspapers

46. The Zimmerman Telegram

47. The Zimmerman Telegram

48. April 6, 1917  America declares war on Germany
The Yanks Are Coming!
April 6, 1917  America declares war on Germany

49. Crash Course: America in WWI
0:00-5:30

50. Significance of American Entry
Allies Began to Win.
Broke Policy of Isolationism.
Marked U.S. as a World Power.

51. 11 a.m., November 11, 1918

52. 9,000,000 Dead

53. World War I Casualties

54. Casualties of War Mobilized Dead Wounded Missing/POW
Russia ,000, ,700, ,950, ,500,000
Germany ,000, ,773, ,216, ,152,800
Great Britain ,900, , ,090, ,652
France ,410, ,375, ,266, ,000
Austria-Hungary ,800, ,200, ,620, ,200,000
Italy ,615, , , ,000
US ,355, , , ,526
Turkey ,850, , , ,000
Bulgaria ,200, , , ,029
Japan ,
Romania , , , ,000
Serbia , , , ,958
Belgium , , , ,659
Greece , , , ,000
Portugal , , , ,318
Montenegro , , , ,000
= Allied Powers
= Central Powers

55. The Somme American Cemetery Located in France
116,516 Americans Died

56. Results of the War Millions dead – “The War to End All Wars”?
America becomes global power
Austrian, German, and Ottoman empires are dissolved
Planted the seeds for WWII

57. Treaty of Versailles
Signed during the Paris Peace Conference following the war – June 1919
The “Big Four”:
U.S.A., Great Britain, France, Italy
Placed much of the blame of the war on Germany
“War guilt”
Restricted Germany’s army and navy
Forced Germany to pay reparations for the war  $32 billion gold marks

58. Treaty of Versailles
Pay attention to the consequences of the treaty’s harsh limits on Germany.
Was Germany allowed at the Paris Peace Conference?
What is one way that the Treaty of Versailles led to the rise of Hitler and the Nazi Party?
Was the Treaty of Versailles effective?

59. Treaty of Versailles - Assignment
Read Restoring the Peace and Bitter Fruits in the textbook (pg ).
On a piece of white paper, create/design a Twitter page for the country of Germany.
Post your reactions to the events at the Paris Peace Conference, especially the harsh conditions placed on Germany by the Treaty of Versailles.
Include retweets, following, followers, favorites, personal information, etc.
Demonstrate your knowledge of the Treaty by including relevant facts and information. Your Twitter page must be colorful, include at least 5 tweets, and include other relevant information (bio, friends, etc.).