1. Do Now:
Which type of joint moves only in 1 direction? Where are 2 places you can find it?
Which type of joint moves in all directions? Where are 2 places you can find it?
Which type of joint has bones moving around other bones? Where are 2 places you can find it?

2. What you need to be able to do at the end of class:
Compare and contrast the three types of muscles
Identify the type of muscle based on characteristics
Model each type of muscle in a lab demo

3. There are 3 types of muscle
Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth

4. 1. Skeletal Muscle Is voluntary: you control it.
Has striations that make it strong.
Has multiple nuclei in a cell because it is formed by cells fusing together.
Is attached to your bones and makes your skeleton move.

5. Skeletal Muscle

6. 2. Cardiac Muscle Is involuntary: you do not control it.
Has striations that make it strong.
Has one nucleus in a cell.
Beats on its own and is only found in your heart.

7. Cardiac Muscle

8. 3. Smooth Muscle Is involuntary: you do not control it.
Has no striations that make it strong.
Has one nucleus in a cell.
Moves things through your body and is found in your digestive tract and around blood vessels.

9. Smooth Muscle

10. You must go to all 3 stations!
Types of Muscles Stations
You will have 5 minutes to complete the activity at each station and answer the questions.
You must go to all 3 stations!

11. Complete the types of muscles table for homework!
Reminders
Complete the types of muscles table for homework!
You will have a mastery quiz on the types of muscle tomorrow.

12. Do Now

13. What you need to be able to do at the end of class:
Explain the function of skeletal muscles
Identify the prime mover and antagonist in an antagonistic pairs

14. What do muscles do? Creates movement Thought Question:
Why do you think we have so many more muscles than bones?
Take 1 minute to discuss at your tables.

15. What do muscles do? Stabilizes your body Thought Question:
Where in your body do you think your muscles are at work keeping you stable right now?
Take 1 minute to discuss at your tables.

16. What do muscles do? Warms you up Thought Question:
What are the benefits and drawbacks of releasing heat from muscle activity?
Take 1 minute to discuss at your tables.

17. What do muscles do? Gives your body shape Thought Question:
What bones are under these muscles? Do these arms resemble the shapes of the bones inside?
Take 1 minute to discuss at your tables.

18. How our Muscles Work Muscles work by
CONTRACTING (getting shorter and fatter) and pulling on bones.

19. How our Muscles Work
Muscles are attached to bones by strong non-stretchy TENDONS.
muscle
tendons

20. How our Muscles Work
A muscle’s ORIGIN is the end attached to the bone that doesn’t move.

21. How our Muscles Work
The INSERTION is the end attached to the bone that is moved when the muscle contracts. .

22. How our Muscles Work
But once contracted, a muscle cannot RELAX again by itself.
Each muscle needs a partner.

23. How our Muscles Work
Two muscles working together in opposite directions are called
ANTAGONISTIC muscles.

24. How our Muscles Work
The BICEPS and TRICEPS in our arm are an ANTAGONISTIC PAIR. They work as a pair and in opposite directions. 24

25. Bending our Arm TRICEPS relaxes and is pulled longer
BICEPS contracts and bends arm 25

26. Straightening our Arm BICEPS relaxes and is pulled longer
TRICEPS contracts and straightens arm 26

27. Part of Antagonistic Pairs
. The PRIME MOVER is the muscle that contracts and the ANTAGONIST is the muscle that relaxes. 27

28. Part of Antagonistic Pairs
When you move your arm up, your triceps relaxes. The biceps is the PRIME MOVER, and the triceps is the ANTAGONIST.

29. Do Now

30. What you need to be able to do at the end of class:
Identify the major muscles of the upper body
Determine the origin and insertion of the muscles of the upper body

31. -Helps you lift stuff up
Muscles of the chest
Pectoralis major
-Helps you lift stuff up
-Origin is the clavicle
-Insertion is the humerus
-The trapezius is its antagonist.
Pectoralis major

32. -Helps you raise your arms
Muscles of the chest
Deltoids
-Helps you raise your arms
-Origin is the clavicle
-Insertion is the humerus
-The latissimus dorsi is its antagonist.
Deltoid

33. -Helps you pull back your arms
Muscles of your back
The trapezius, in your back, creates some of the opposite movement of your pectoralis major. You use your latissimus dorsi to lower your arms after your deltoids have raised them.
Trapezius
-Helps you pull back your arms
-Origin is the vertebrae
-Insertion is the humerus
-The pectoralis major is its antagonist.
Trapezius

34. -Helps you lower your arms
Muscles of your back
Latissimus dorsi
-Helps you lower your arms
-Origin is the clavicle
-Insertion is the humerus
-The deltoid is its antagonist.
Latissimus dorsi

35. -Moves your upper spine
Muscles of your abdomen
Rectus abdominis
-Moves your upper spine
-Origin is the ribs
-Insertion is the pelvis
Rectus abdominis .

36. -Moves your upper body side to side
Muscles of your abdomen
External obliques
-Moves your upper body side to side
-Origin is the ribs
-Insertion is the pelvis
External obliques .

37. -Moves your lower arms up -Origin is the clavicle
Arm muscles include biceps and triceps brachii
Biceps brachii
-Moves your lower arms up
-Origin is the clavicle
-Insertion is the humerus
Biceps brachii

38. -Moves your lower arms down -Origin is the clavicle
Arm muscles include biceps and triceps brachii
Triceps brachii
-Moves your lower arms down
-Origin is the clavicle
-Insertion is the humerus
Triceps brachii

39. Let’s try some practice! Dr. D says….

40. Do Now: Identify these muscles and their partner muscle.4 2 3 1

41. -Largest muscle in your thigh
Muscles of the legs
Gluteus maximus
-Largest muscle in your thigh
-Origin is in the pelvis
-Insertion is in the tibia
Gluteus maximus

42. Muscles of the upper legs
Quadriceps
-Largest muscle in your thigh
-Origin is in the pelvis
-Insertion is in the patella
-Does the opposite movement of the gluteus maximus
Quadriceps

43. Muscles of the upper legs
Rectus femoris
Rectus femoris
-Largest muscle in your thigh
-Origin is in the pelvis
-Insertion is in the patella

44. -Insertion is the tibia -The rectus femoris is its antagonist.
Muscles of Upper Leg
Biceps femoris
-Bends your knee
-Origin is the pelvis
-Insertion is the tibia
-The rectus femoris is its antagonist.
Biceps femoris

45. -Pushes your body forward when you’re walking.
Calf muscles
Gastrocnemius
-Pushes your body forward when you’re walking.
-Origin is the tibia
-Insertion is the tarsals
-The antagonist is in the front of the calf
Gastrocnemius

46. Let’s try some practice! Dr. D says….

47. Skeletal muscles are made of bundles of muscle fibers
The bundles are held together by the epimysium.
This “bundled bundles” structure makes muscles strong and keeps them from coming apart.
Epimysium
What other examples do you know of where something is made stronger by wrapping bundles in bundles?

48. Muscle fibers are like wires…

49. Muscle fibers are filled with myofibrils
These are the “colored wires” inside of the muscle fiber.
They contain two long proteins that overlap, actin and myosin. These are the actual metal wires inside.
Actin
Myosin

50. The actin and myosin are in units called sarcomeres

51. The sarcomere is where muscle contraction takes place
Muscle contraction occurs when the proteins slide past each other and close the gaps between them.
The actin grabs the myosin and pulls!
Actin
Myosin