1. Muscular System Animal movement is based on contraction of muscles working against part of the skeleton

2. Muscle Tissue Cells that contract Three types of muscle tissue: 1. Skeletal 2. Cardiac 3. Smooth

3. Types of Muscle Tissue Skeletal : voluntary  attached to bones  striated: repeating units of contractile proteins, actin and myosin  long, cylinders  multinucleated  many mitochondria

4. Types of Muscle Tissue Cardiac : involuntary  only in the heart  unit contractions due to gap junctions  branched  striated

5. Types of Muscle Tissue Smooth : involuntary  walls of organs  tapered cells  unstriated

6. Classification of muscle Voluntary Involuntary Limbs Heart Viscera Striated Non-striated SkeletalCardiac Smooth Note: Control, Location and Structure

7. Muscle Control Type of muscle Nervous control Type of control Example Skeletal Controlled by CNS Voluntary Lifting a glass Cardiac Regulated by ANS Involuntary Heart beating Smooth Controlled by ANS Involuntary Peristalsis

8. REMEMBER! Tendon  connects muscle to bone Ligament  connects bone to bone

9. Tendons Muscles are attached to TWO different bones by tendons. When the muscle contracts only ONE bone moves. The place where the muscle is attached to the stationary bone is called the Origin. The place where the muscle is attached to the moving bone is called the Insertion.

10. Muscles Pull  NEVER Push!! Muscles only contract and relax Contraction (=shortening) of a muscle pulls a bone

11. Antagonist Muscle Pairs To make a joint move in two directions, you need two muscles that can pull in opposite directions. Antagonistic muscles are pairs of muscles that work against each other. One muscle contracts while the other one relaxes

12. Muscles work in Antagonistic Pairs  Flexor and Extensor Flexor Extensor Flexor = decreases the angle between two bones Extensor = increases the angle between two bones

13. True or False Muscles cause movement by pushing and pulling on the bones of the skeleton.

14. True or False Muscles cause movement by pushing and pulling on the bones of the skeleton. FALSE! Muscles NEVER push. They can only pull.

15. Short Answer List the three types of muscle tissue.

16. Short Answer List the three types of muscle tissue. Skeletal Muscle Smooth Muscle Cardiac Muscle

17. Multiple Choice Voluntary muscle tissue is also called A. skeletal muscle. B. smooth muscle. C. cardiac muscle. D. All of the above.

18. Multiple Choice Voluntary muscle tissue is also called A. skeletal muscle. B. smooth muscle. C. cardiac muscle. D. All of the above.

19. Multiple Choice A muscle that decreases the angle between two bones is called A. an extensor. B. a flexor. C. a tendon. D. an antagonistic pair.

20. Multiple Choice A muscle that decreases the angle between two bones is called A. an extensor. B. a flexor. C. a tendon. D. an antagonistic pair.

21. Biceps brachii Deltoid Frontalis Gastrocnemius Pectoralis major Rectus abdominis Rectus femoris Sartorius Sternocleidomastoid Trapezius

22. Biceps femoris Deltoid Gastrocnemius Gluteus maximus Latissimus dorsi Sartorius Sternocleidomastoid Trapezius Triceps brachii

23. Skeletal Muscle Organization Skeletal muscle fibers (= cells) are bundled into packages called fascicle

25. Skeletal Muscle Organization Fibers (=cells) are made up of myofibrils that consist of actin (thin filament) and myosin (thick filament)

26. Sarcomere  repeating units of actin and myosin within a myofibril

27. Myosin (Thick Filament) Actin (Thin Filament)

29. When the muscle is at rest, a long, rod-like tropomyosin molecule blocks the myosin-binding sites that are instrumental in forming cross bridges. When another protein complex, troponin, binds calcium ions, the actin binding sites are exposed, cross-bridges with myosin can form, and contraction begins. Sliding Filament Model  Mechanism for Muscle Contraction

30. Sliding Filament Model (continued) Ca+ comes from the sacroplasmic reticulum in the plasma membrane around each myofibril

31. Cross Bridging b/t Actin and Myosin

32. Sliding Filament Theory Animations http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/matth ews/myosin.htmlhttp://www.blackwellpublishing.com/matth ews/myosin.html http://highered.mcgraw- hill.com/sites/0072437316/student_view0/ chapter42/animations.html#http://highered.mcgraw- hill.com/sites/0072437316/student_view0/ chapter42/animations.html#