1. Life of Galileo

2. Goals for today first half: text study – completing the table
second half: planning your response to the George Orwell quote:
“During times of universal deceit, telling the truth becomes a revolutionary act”.

3. ENCOUNTERING CONFLICT
LIFE OF GALILEO
ENCOUNTERING CONFLICT
Fear of Torture – Galileo betrays his moral principles
INNER CONFLICT
Maintenance of power
CONFLICT BETWEEN THE STATE AND THE INDIVIDUAL
Change (New ideas) and uncertainty (theory) can make people uneasy and destablise society
CONFLICT BETWEEN COMMUNITIES
Pursuit of truth at the expense of religious idealism
CONFLICT BETWEEN RELIGION AND SCIENCE

4. Who is Galileo?
Physicist, Mathematician, Engineer, Astronomer, Philosopher
Discovers evidence to support the Copernican model of the universe

5. What was the Copernican Theory?
The belief (at the time it was just a theory) that the earth rotates daily on its axis and the planets revolve in orbits around the sun
Nicolas Copernicus developed the theory in the 16th century
Keywords- heliocentric, geocentric

6. Scene One Summary Galileo explains the Copernican system to Andrea
Ludovico arrives to seek private lessons
Ludovico tells Galileo about the telescope from Holland
Scene one can be viewed here part 1 – 14.17min

7. Who is Andrea? Andrea Sarti is a keen pupil of Galileo
In scene one we see his devotion to Galileo
He is the son of Mrs Sarti – Galileo’s housekeeper

8. Who is Ludovico?
Ludovico Marsili is a wealthy landowner who seeks private lessons from Galileo
Worth noting that it is his position in society that affords him these lessons

9. Scene One – Key ideas
Introduces the burgeoning, exciting, dynamic scientific age of the 16th and 17th centuries.
The audience is introduced to the Copernican hypothesis.
Though Galileo’s adoption and development of the telescope as ‘his’ invention, we see him as a flawed character.
The economic constraints and constrictions of Galileo’s work as a scientist also become apparent.

10. Questions that arise in scene
Why “have people believed the sun and all the stars of heaven rotate around mankind”?
Limitations of technology
Faith
A sense of security in the knowledge that the Earth is the centre of the universe
Why might “Faith have been enthroned for a thousand years and now be replaced by doubt”?
Raises the notion that where there is uncertainty, there can be conflict
Why does Galileo make a distinction between “gawping” and “seeing”?
Looking without questioning

11. Types of Conflict explored in this scene
Science and Religion
Individual and the State
Inner Conflict
Freedom and Censorship

12. The Conflict between Science and Religion in Scene One
Questioning,
challenging,
hypothesising,
investigating,
Exploring
uncertainty
Religion
Acceptance
Fear
Control
Known quantities entities
Belief
Faith

13. Quotations from scene one Science v Religion
“ For two thousand years, people have believed that the sun and all the stars of heaven rotate around mankind…but now we are breaking out of it Andrea, at full speed.” p.6
“Our cities are cramped, and so are men’s minds.” P.6
“Where faith has been enthroned doubt now sits” p.7
“What was never doubted before is doubted now” p.7
“A new time has begun, a time it’s a pleasure to live in” p.10
“The great ocean they feared is a little puddle” p.7
Giordano Bruno burnt at stake for putting science before religion.

14. The Conflict between the Individual and the State in Scene One
Note: The state (those in power) is synonymous with the church in LoG
The State
Supreme, central power
Fixed
Unwavering
Traditional
Social stability is privileged over truth
Status quo
The individual
passionate
Maverick
Dynamic
pursuit of truth is privileged
Naively confident
New ideas
inspired

15. Quotations from scene one Individual v The State
“What use would it be to you to have limitless spare time for research if any ignorant monk in the Inquisition could just put a ban on your thoughts?” p.15
“Every ruler has his monks” p.15
“The big shots won’t allow it” p.18
“We are like dull-eyed worms that can hardly see at all” p.18
“This has created a draught which is blowing up the gold-embroidered skirts of the prelates and princes, revealing the fat and skinny legs underneath, legs like our own.” P.7

16. Inner conflict - Scene One
Galileo struggles with his own ethical and moral values
He struggles with the pursuit of his hypotheses and the financial restraints of being a poorly paid academic
Plagiarism
Ethics
Flaws in his character

17. Quotations from scene one Inner conflict
A vast desire has sprung up to know the reason for everything” p.7
“Andrea and I have made discoveries which can no longer be held back from the world” p.10
“I am 46 years old and have achieved nothing that satisfies me” p.15

18. The Conflict between freedom of thought/expression and censorship
The Inquisition
Control
Prosecution
Persecution
Discrimination
Freedom of thought/expression
Opening up new lines of thought
Potential for debate and discussion
Challenging accepted modes of thought
Challenge to mono-culturalism
Avoidance of homogenous ways of thinking

19. Quotations from Scene One Conflict between freedom of expression and censorship
“You people handed Mr. Giordano Bruno over to Rome. Because he was propagating the ideas of Copernicus.
Not because he was propagating the ideas of Mr. Copernicus, which anyway are wrong, but because he was not a Venetian citizen and had no regular position here….not even here.” P.15
“By showing how everywhere else Inquisition prevails and burns people, you get good teachers cheap for this place…” p.15
“Listen to me, Andrea: Don’t talk to other people about our ideas…The big shots won’t allow it.” P.18

20. Context essay writing

21. Expository
The text response essay that you are all very familiar with is an example of an expository piece of writing
This is not dissimilar to the text response in structure and style
The difference is that the focus is on IDEAS rather than the TEXT – As such, your topic sentences MUST HAVE AN IDEA BEHIND THEM.

22. Foundations for writing the expository essay
Four main body paragraphs:
Philosophy/ideology/theory
Text focus
Historical conflict
Contemporary conflict

23. Thread – Science Philosophy/ideology – Hobbes
Galileo – his approach to getting his theories out
Historical – evolutionists, the Scopes trial -
Contemporary - stem cell science, climate science….

24. Thread - Art Ideology – Marxism, Aristotle
Galileo as a representation of Brecht and his politics (Galileo’s undermining of Aristotle can be compared to Brecht’s rejection of Aristotle’s theatrical theories)
History - HUAC – a discussion on the investigation into communists in Hollywood in the 40s. Brecht’s poetry as a political call to action.
Contemporary conflict – Pussy Riot

25. Thread - Censorship Philosophy – Hobbes
Galileo and his lack of conviction as signified by his recantation
Historical – in the 16th Century Pope Paul the IV created the first list of banned books – the Index Librorum Prohibitorum; OR HUAC trials
Wikileaks – the comparative bravery of individuals like Manning and Snowden in exposing the truth, but also the potential for further conflict as a result of the truth OR
The women of Pussy Riot and their imprisonment

26. Thread – The Church Ideology – Christian theories of conflict
Galileo – the need for Catholic institutions to maintain power
Historical – evolutionists, the scopes trial
Contemporary – Pope Francis, women in the clergy, marriage equality