2. Contributors to Greenhouse Gases Simulation of GE quiz

3. GLOBAL WARMING 2 causes 1. THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT

4. Albedo Effect How much of the Sun’s energy is reflected back into space

5. Feedbacks

6. Increasing CO2 Concentrations
Satellite of CO2
We reached 400ppm in 2014!
We reached 400.9ppm in 2015!

7. Global Temperatures since 1880 Sea ice change Interactives NASA
Videos
Since 1880 temperatures have increased 0.8°C.
However, some have declined.
Global temp change graphic

8. Sea Level Changes

9. pressure

10. GREENHOUSE EFFECT
When the Sun’s heat enters the ATMOSPHERE some of the heat Radiates back to space
The rest is ABSORBED by
H2O & land
Gases in the atmosphere like, CH4 (methane), CO2, CO, from organisms & human activity on Earth are called Greenhouse Gases.
Why?
The Greenhouse Effect is …
The Sun’s heat mixing with these gases in the Troposphere layer of the atmosphere & trap heat.
This is called Greenhouse Warming
Animation no sound

11. 2. OZONE 03 Layer Thinning STRATOSPHERE layer thins out Why?
Filters U.V. RAYS
thins out Why?
CFC’S-CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS
Compound gas; used in Refrigerators, A/C, Spray cans
CFC’s can travel to the Ozone and breaks up the O3 molecules. So the Ozone thins out, which lets in stronger UV rays
They were banned in the 90’s. But, they can last up to 120 years in the Atmosphere.
Video thinning with CFC’s

12. Ozone Destruction by Chlorofluorocarbons
chlorine breaks ozone’s bonds and pulls off one atom of oxygen, O3 + Cl -> ClO + O2
a free oxygen atoms pulls the oxygen atom from ClO, freeing the chlorine and creating one oxygen molecule: ClO + O -> Cl + O2
One chlorine atom can catalyze the breakdown of as many as 100,000 ozone molecules

13. Temperatures and Greenhouse Gas Concentrations in Past 400,000 Years
No one was around thousands of years ago to measure temperatures so we use other indirect measurements. Some of these are
Changes in species compositions
Chemical analyses of ice
Measurement of CO2 gas in ice cores

14. How can we reduce Greenhouse gases?
Plant trees
Use scrubbers in smoke stacks
Carpool, walk, use public transportation
Use less electricity reduce power plants burning of fossil fuels
electric/hybrid cars
Increase renewable energy Solar, Wind

15. EFFECTS of Climate Change HUMANS & ANIMALS
SKIN CANCER stronger UV rays
Fish-lay eggs in water, may not hatch due to acid rain, pH drop
AMPHIBIANS lay their eggs in water
UV rays go through eggs, may not hatch or cause genetic defects.

16. Effects on Ecosystem DISRUPTION OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS for some plants
LOWER PHYTOPLANKTON levels in the water
Reduced PRODUCERS in the FOOD CHAIN/WEB
LOWER CROP YIELDS for farmers- Famines
WEATHER PATTERNS -change in ocean currents stronger hurricanes, droughts, flooding.

17. Effects on Ocean and Land
MELTING ICE CAPS & RISING SEA LEVELS
ICE REFLECTS HEAT-less ice, more melting + feedback loop
Increases fresh water into ocean water-disrupts ocean habitats
Flooding-Relocation of populations in Coastal areas/ Islands
Salt water getting into freshwater wells.

18. Relocation of people/animals
Sea level increase
Mosquito diseases
Polar bear
Famine
Disruption of ecosystems