2. insightful, critical interpretation of a literary work
It is not a summary of plot, character or other elements of fiction in any given literary work.

3. …you provide your own formal interpretation and/or opinion of the topic
…you use the literary work to prove or substantiate your understanding of the topic

4. …try to prove the plot – we know how the series of events unfolded because we read the book
…need to prove that the characters, setting, or themes existed in the literary work

5. …provide an interpretation of the plot, setting, character, conflict, and themes as they relate to the topic you are discussing
…develop elements that will prove your argument

6. Analysis PUMPS YOU UP!
Both writing and analysis form new synapses in your brains. Two benefits for the price of one!
Remember, your brain is like a muscle. The more you use it, the stronger it
becomes, and “weight training” is
essential to meet one’s potential.

8. Theme
Never analyze theme alone. Instead, analyze how the author conveys theme through the use of other techniques.

10. How Author’s Reveal Characterization

11. Find Relationships

12. …clearly introduces the topic, the literary work, and the author.
Example:
To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee presents
prejudice and discrimination of black people through her use of characterization, conflict, and setting.
The introduction allows you to give the reader the clear and specific direction of your essay.

13. …states the main purpose of the essay
…is often stated in the LAST sentence of
your introduction
…answers the questions:
What will you prove/show through this
essay about the literary work under discussion? (your interpretation of author’s message/purpose)
How that message is expressed? (devices, literary criticism)
Why is this important? So what?

14. …is divided into paragraphs
…is composed of paragraphs which
begin with a topic sentence that
clearly introduces the topic in the
paragraph but is tied directly to thesis and author’s message
Paragraphs end with linking sentences that introduce the next paragraph

15. …serves to PROVE your thesis
NOTE:
In order to prove your thesis, you must develop and expand on the topic using examples and citations (quotes) from the literary work to substantiate your statements
Once a quote is cited, you must provide an interpretation, not a summary, about how this quote is relevant to the development of the topic and thesis

16. …is where you develop your ideas about the topic
…is where you provide your own ideas by
answering the following questions:
1. What is the topic? How is the topic relevant?
2. How does the topic relate to the literary work?
3. How does topic affect the development of the literary work as a whole?

17. What is my understanding of the topic and the literary work?
How does the setting affect the development of the topic?
How do the characters assist in the development of the topic?
You DO NOT, however, write your essay in
a “question & answer” format. It must flow
like the literary work itself.

18. They will help you to interpret instead of summarizing!
Use the questions only as a GUIDE.
They will help you to interpret
instead of summarizing!

19. The first sentence of the conclusion is a restatement of your THESIS.
Do not introduce any new information in the conclusion.
Restate your most important points as a means of bringing your argument to a close.
The conclusion is your last chance to prove your opinion to the reader!

20. 1st sentence: Attention Grabber & General overview of the topic
Introduction : Paragraph One
1st sentence: Attention Grabber & General overview of the topic
2nd & 3rd sentences: Introduction of the author
and the literary work
Additional sentences: Description and/or
development of the
literary work as it pertains
the topic. Short summary.
Final sentence: Thesis statement

21. Paragraph 2 – Development of first argument
Topic Sentence: Introduces only the argument
in this paragraph.
Development consists of
ideas which support the topic
sentence and thesis
Choose 1 – 2 quotes from the literary work which will develop/support this topic and establish a connection to topic/thesis
A linking sentence will reinforce what was stated in this paragraph and connect it to the following argument.

22. Paragraph 3 – Development of second argument
Paragraph 4 – Development of third argument

23. Restates the thesis
Summarizes the main points of your argument from each paragraph
Makes final concluding point

24. HOW IT LOOKS INTRODUCTION BODY CONCLUSION ARGUMENT 1 ARGUMENT 2

25. “He stood there until nightfall, and I
Quotes of four lines or less can be included in the body of your essay using quotation marks
Example:
“He stood there until nightfall, and I
waited for him. When we went in the
house I saw he had been crying; his
face was dirty.” (Lee 63)
Author’s last name and page reference

26. For citations that are MORE than 4 lines long, centre and single space the quote as shown below:
For reasons unfathomable
to the most experienced
prophets in Maycomb County,
autumn turned to winter that year.
We had two weeks of the coldest
weather since (Lee 63)
Indent 10 spaces

27. Alfredo, B. Critical Interpretations of To Kill A Mockingbird
Alfredo, B. Critical Interpretations of To Kill A Mockingbird. New York: Routledge, 1999.
Lee, H. To Kill A Mockingbird. Philadelphia: Warner Books, 1960.
Use MLA format.
Include the literary work in the works consulted list .

28. Do not make a title page for your paper unless specifically requested.
In the upper left-hand corner of the first page, list your name, your instructor's name, the course, and the date. Be sure to use double-spaced text.
Double space again and center the title. Don't underline your title or put it in quotation marks.
Double space between the title and the first line of the text.

29. Here is a sample first page of an essay in MLA style:

30. Ensure you have completed the following before you submit your essay for assessment to your teacher:
Double spaced your essay
Times New Roman, font size 12
MLA format throughout
Labeled each page with your last name and page number

31. Included a Works Consulted page
Cited the literary work in the works cited page and referenced it properly throughout
Have introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion
Clearly stated thesis

32. Edited for spelling and language errors (be careful of “typos”)
Indented each new paragraph to show its beginning