EMERGENCY SITUATIONS Introduction: Slide 1

EMERGENCY SITUATIONS Introduction: Slide 1
Emergency situations can occur at any time, therefore, school bus drivers must be prepared to cope with emergencies in a professional manner. Leadership during a time of crisis is extremely important. The school bus driver is the leader. The driver needs to be prepared for an emergency situation, both professional and personally. Emergencies involve many types of situations. We will be covering what to do when driving the school bus in weather emergencies, mechanical problems, road hazards, and driving distraction. 1 School Bus Drivers Inservice

EMERGENCIES Presentation: Slide 2
Emergencies can happen at any place and at any time. We will be looking at a lot of different emergency situations that a driver could encounter. Emergencies could be either nature related or road hazard. Let’s take an “All Hazards Approach”, which means knowledge you already possess, applied to unknown situations. This is the common, standard approach that instills confidence, helps control fear, and ensures safety. Road hazards are everywhere, as a professional driver it’s up to you to see the big picture and prepare for any emergencies. The level of driver awareness and anticipation usually determines the difference between a close call and a collision. Emergency situations can occur that require instant and accurate responses. 2 School Bus Drivers Inservice

Mechanical Emergencies
Mechanical Emergencies: Slide 3 We will be talking about several types of driving emergencies and the standard approach to respond to each type of emergency. Some of these emergencies are mechanical and some are driving related. Let first talk about mechanical emergencies. 3 School Bus Drivers Inservice

School Bus Drivers Inservice 2012-13
BRAKE FAILURE TAKE FOOT OFF ACCELERATOR GRIP STEERING WHEEL - FIRMLY PUMP BRAKE PEDAL REPEATEDLY (Hydraulic Only) FIRM BRAKE PRESSURE (Air Only) SHIFT TO A LOWER GEAR Brake failure Slides 4 ♦ Take foot off accelerator. ♦ Grip steering wheel firmly. ♦ Pump brake pedal repeatedly—hydraulic only. ♦ Use firm steady pressure—air only. ♦ Shift to lower gear. . School Bus Drivers Inservice 4

BRAKE FAILURE ENGAGE PARKING BRAKE/SPRING BRAKE RUB FENDER AGAINST CLIFF; BUSHES TURN TIRES AGAINST CURB TURN OFF IGNITION ♦ Engage parking brake. Slide 5 ♦ Rub fender against cliff or run into bushes before picking up speed. ♦ Turn tire against curbing if on a steep city hill. ♦ Turn off ignition. School Bus Drivers Inservice 5

Tire Blow-Out KEEP FIRM GRIP ON STEERING WHEEL. KEEP WHEELS STRAIGHT. GRADUALLY RELEASE ACCELERATOR. PUMP BRAKES LIGHTLY. REDUCE SPEED, PULL OFF ROADWAY MOVE OFF ROAD TO CHANGE TIRE. Tire blow-out Slide 6 ♦ Keep firm grip on steering wheel. ♦ Keep wheels as straight as possible. ♦ Gradually release accelerator. ♦ Pump brakes lightly. ♦ Reduce speed to 15 mph or less before pulling off roadway. ♦ Have vehicle well off the road to change tire. School Bus Drivers Inservice 6

inservice 2012-13 Emergency Situation
This is an example of a blown tire. Slide 7 inservice Emergency Situation 7

STUCK ACCELERATOR PUMP ACCELERATOR – SHARP JABS TRANSMISSION IN NEUTRAL APPLY BRAKES, PULL OFF ROADWAY TURN OFF IGNITION Stuck accelerator Slide 8 ♦ Pump accelerator pedal with several sharp jabs to release. ♦ Put into neutral gear. ♦ Apply brakes and pull off roadway. ♦ Turn off ignition. School Bus Drivers Inservice 8

STEERING FAILURE PULL OFF ROADWAY. CHECK TIRE INFLATION, BROKEN BELT OR HOSE. GRIP WHEEL, APPLY STEADY BRAKES IF IN COMPLETE FAILURE. Steering Fails Slide 9 ♦ If hard steering develops, pull off road and check for low tire pressure, broken power steering belt, or broken fluid hose. ♦ For complete steering failure, grip steering wheel firmly. Apply brakes with steady pressure to prevent skidding. School Bus Drivers Inservice 9

HEADLIGHT FAILURE SLOW DOWN. PULL TO THE RIGHT. FOLLOW VEHICLE WITH ACTIVE LIGHTS. STOP IN SAFE LOCATION ASAP. Headlight Failure Slide 10 ♦ Slow down—follow roadway. Try other lights: high or low beam, turn signal, parking lights, fog lights, brake lights. ♦ Pull to the right of travel lane. ♦ Follow a vehicle with active lights. ♦ Stop in a safe location as soon as possible. School Bus Drivers Inservice 10

Driving Emergencies Slide 11
All drivers at some point in their career will experience a driving emergency. We will be talking about several types of driving emergencies and the best way to handle them. 11 School Bus Drivers Inservice

Running Off the Pavement
RELEASE ACCELERATOR. FIRM GRIP ON STEERING WHEEL. RESIST URGE TO RETURN TO PAVEMENT. STRADDLE PAVEMENT EDGE. EASE BACK ONTO PAVEMENT. KEEP EYES ON PATH OF TRAVEL. Driving Emergencies: Slide 12 A. Running off the pavement ♦ Release accelerator. ♦ Keep firm grip on steering wheel. ♦ Resist urge to return to pavement immediately. ♦ Straddle pavement edge until vehicle is moving slowly. ♦ Ease back onto pavement—do not accelerate, no sharp turns. ♦ Keep eyes on path of travel. School Bus Drivers Inservice 12

RECOVERING FROM A SKID AVOID BRAKING. STEER, LOOK IN DIRECTION YOU WANT TO GO. DON’T LOCK UP BRAKES WHEN SKIDDING. (KNOW IF ABS or Non-ABS EQUIPPED) Recovering from a Skid Slide 13 Avoid braking unless absolutely necessary. ♦ Steer and look in the direction that you want to go. ♦ Don’t lock up the brakes when vehicle starts skidding. (Be familiar with your bus whether it is equipped with ABS or non ABS braking systems.) ♦ ABS brakes, apply steady presser and brakes automatically will not lock up. ♦ Non ASB brake, pump brakes to keep them from locking up. School Bus Drivers Inservice 13

DOWNED POWER WIRES WIRES TOUCHING BUS. STOP, REMAIN INSIDE. DO NOT MOVE BUS. WAIT FOR HELP. Downed Power Wires Slides 14 ♦ Wires touching the bus. • If a wire comes down on top of the bus, stop the bus and remain inside. • Do not move the bus—wait for the linemen to turn off the power to the wire. • Remember that if someone from outside touches the bus, that body becomes a path to ground. School Bus Drivers Inservice 14

DOWNED POWER WIRES EXIT SAFELY IF THERE IS DANGER OF FIRE. JUMP OUT OF BUS . DO NOT TOUCH BUS AND GROUND AT SAME TIME. FOLD ARMS ACROSS CHEST. LAND ON BOTH FEET. ASSUME ALL DOWNED WIRES ARE LIVE! Slide 15 • If there is danger of fire and you and your passengers have to leave the bus, everyone must jump out (do not touch the bus and ground at the same time), Fold your arms across your chest as you jump to reduce the chance of reaching out or touching the bus. simultaneously land on both feet, and shuffle out of the area. ♦ Downed Wires on the roadway. Do not touch or drive over the wire(s). Do not assume that the downed wire is merely a telephone or television cable. Assume all wires are “live”. School Bus Drivers Inservice 15

DOWNED POWER WIRES Downed Wires on the roadway. Do not touch or drive over the wire(s). Do not assume that the downed wire is merely a telephone or television cable. Assume all downed wires are “live”. Slide 16 ♦ Downed Wires on the roadway. Do not touch or drive over the wire(s). Do not assume that the downed wire is merely a telephone or television cable. Assume all wires are “live”. School Bus Drivers Inservice 16

BLINDING HEADLIGHTS SLOW DOWN. DIM LIGHTS. Look to the fog line to avert the bright lights. Then look down at the roadway in front of the oncoming vehicles driver’s side tire. Pull to the right. Slide 17 Blinding Headlights ♦ Slow down. ♦ Dim lights, even though the other driver does not. ♦ Look to the fog line to avert the bright lights. ♦ Then look down at the roadway in front of the oncoming vehicles drivers’ side tire to make sure the opposing car is driving in their respective lane. This way you are able to see if they are staying in their lane or crossing the center line. That allows a broader view of our lane of travel and a better perspective of where they are in relationship to you on the roadway. ♦Pull to the right of traveled lane in order to give the other driver room. School Bus Drivers Inservice 17

BUS STALLED ON RAILROAD TRACKS
IF TRAIN IS COMING, EVACUATE BUS. STANDARD TRANSMISSION: PLACE GEARSHIFT IN LOW OR REVERSE ENGAGE CLUTCH ENGAGE STARTER Slide 18 Bus Stalled on Railroad Tracks ♦ If train is coming, evacuate the students from the vehicle in the direction the train is approaching and at a 45 degree angle away from the tracks. ♦ If train is not coming: • Standard transmission: place gearshift in low or reverse, engage clutch, and engage starter. School Bus Drivers Inservice 18

BUS STALLED ON RAILROAD TRACKS AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION: MOVE GEARSHIFT THROUGH GEARS . RETURN TO NEUTRAL POSITION. REENGAGE STARTER. IF THESE STEPS DO NOT WORK – EVACUATE THE BUS! Slide 19 • Automatic transmission: move gearshift through gears return to neutral position reengage starter. If these do not solve the problem—evacuate the bus! School Bus Drivers Inservice 19

BUS CATCHES FIRE PULL OFF ROADWAY. TURN OFF ENGINE. CUT OFF ELECTRICAL POWER. EVACUATE THE BUS. Get the students as far away as possible. Slide 20 Bus Catches on Fire ♦ Pull off roadway and turn off engine. ♦ Cut off electrical power, if possible. ♦ Evacuate the bus. Get the students as far away as possible! School Bus Drivers Inservice 20

BUS CATCHES FIRE USE FIRE EXTINGUISHER. THROW MUD, DIRT, OR SNOW ON FIRE. SMOTHER FLAMES. SAFETY SHOULD BE FIRST CONCERN. Slide 21 ♦ Use a fire extinguisher if you can do so safely. ♦ Throw mud, dirt, or snow on blaze. ♦ Smother flames with coat or blanket. ♦ Your first concern should be your safety and that of your passengers. School Bus Drivers Inservice 21

Weather Emergencies Slide 22
In the northwest we have all types of weather to contend with. At any time a driver may experience a weather related emergency. Let first talk about driving on ice and snow. 22 School Bus Drivers Inservice

DRIVING ON ICE AND SNOW DRIVE AT REDUCED SPEED. NO SUDDEN CHANGES IN SPEED OR DIRECTION. ACCELERATE GRADUALLY. APPLY STEADY BRAKE PRESSURE TO SLOW DOWN. STEER IN DIRECTION YOU WANT VEHICLE TO GO WHEN IN A SKID. Slide 23 Driving on Ice and Snow ♦ Drive at reduced speed—skidding is usually a sign of operating too fast for conditions. ♦ Do not make sudden changes in speed or direction. ♦ When starting, accelerate gradually for optimum traction. ♦ To slow down, apply steady pressure to brake pedal. ♦ To recover from a skid, immediately steer in the direction in which you want the bus to go. School Bus Drivers Inservice 23

DRIVING ON ICE AND SNOW INCREASE FOLLOWING DISTANCE. TAP BRAKES TO STOP WITHOUT BREAKING TRACTION. USE SANDERS IF AVAILABLE. KNOW HOW TO INSTALL AND USE CHAINS. REMEMBER, MELTING SNOW AND ICE IS MORE SLIPPERY. Slide 24 ♦ Increase following distance—it takes three to 12 times as long to stop on ice and snow than on dry roads. So, instead of 4-second following distance, it is best to have 12 to 15 seconds of following distance. ♦ To stop, tap the brakes one to two times/seconds to slow the bus without breaking the traction between wheels and snow. Light, steady brake pressure is okay as long as wheels do not slide or lock up. ♦ If available, use sanders to provide slow speed traction when stopping and when starting up on slippery surfaces. ♦ Drop sand the last 10 feet before coming to a stop so you can start up more easily. ♦ Only use sand when necessary and an amount necessary so you won’t run out before you can refill. Use chains when necessary. ♦ Chains cut stopping distances in half, and they give four to seven times more traction for starting up and climbing hills. ♦ Slow speeds are a must when driving with chains. ♦ Avoid driving with chains on bare pavement as much as possible (if unavoidable, drive 15 mph). ♦ Remember: chaining up is not a sign of a lack of driving skill, but the action of a professional driver responding to hazardous conditions. (Again, be familiar with your bus whether it is equipped with ABS or non ABS braking systems.) ♦ Remember, melting ice and snow (about 32 degrees) is more slippery than when temperatures are below freezing. ♦ Be careful of bridges and overpasses—they are the first to freeze and the last to thaw in cold weather. School Bus Drivers Inservice 24

DRIVING IN FOG AND RAIN DRIVE SLOWER. USE HEADLIGHTS ON LOW BEAM IN FOG. REDUCE SPEED. WET PAVEMENT REQUIRES LONGER STOPPING DISTANCE. Slide 25 Driving in fog and rain ♦ Drive slower—fog and/or rain reduces visibility. ♦ Drive with headlights on low beam when in fog. Think about how far the headlights can see and how long it will take you to stop. Do not stop in the middle of the roadway. ♦ Reduce speed— wet pavement requires a longer stopping distance. Heavy rain/standing water can lead to hydroplaning (partial or total) unless speed is slow enough to keep traction between the tire and the road surface. School Bus Drivers Inservice 25

THUNDERSTORMS AND LIGHTNING
RUBBER SOLED SHOES OFFER NO PROTECTION. DO NOT TOUCH METAL FRAME OF VEHICLE. YOU ARE SAFER INSIDE VEHICLE. Slide 26 Thunderstorms and Lightning ♦ F.Y.I. Rubber soled shoes and rubber tires provide NO protection from lighting. However, the steel frame of a hard-topped vehicle provides increased protection if a person is not touching metal. You are safer inside a vehicle than outside of your vehicle. School Bus Drivers Inservice 26

EARTHQUAKES STOP QUICKLY BUT SAFELY. STOP AND WAIT IN SAFE AREA. PROCEED CAUTIOUSLY ONCE QUAKE HAS STOPPED. Slide 27 Earthquakes ♦ Stop as quickly as safety permits and stay in your vehicle. Avoid stopping near or under buildings, trees, overpasses and utility wires. ♦ Proceed cautiously once the earthquake has stopped. Avoid roads, bridges or ramps that might have been damaged by the earthquake. School Bus Drivers Inservice 27

ROADWAY WITH RUTS AND HOLES
REDUCE SPEED. AVOID OBSTRUCTIONS. MAINTAIN FIRM GRIP ON WHEEL. LET UP ON BRAKES SO WHEEL CAN TURN. Slide 28 Roadway with Ruts and Holes ♦ Reduce speed. ♦ Avoid obstructions. ♦ Maintain firm grip on steering wheel with thumbs outside of the interior of the wheel. ♦ Before wheel drops in rut or hole, let up on brakes so wheel will turn. School Bus Drivers Inservice 28

SUBMERGED VEHICLE OPEN SIDE OR REAR WINDOWS. ESCAPE THROUGH OPEN WINDOW. MOVE TO AREA OPPOSITE ENGINE LOCATION. Slide 29 Submerged Vehicle ♦ Open side windows, or knock out back window. ♦ Escape through open window before water reaches window level, if possible. ♦ If vehicle sinks rapidly, move to the area of passenger compartment opposite the engine location to breathe trapped air while planning how to escape (engine location will tend to sink first). School Bus Drivers Inservice 29

FLOODING ON THE ROADWAY
DO NOT DRIVE OVER FLOODED ROADWAY. EVACUATE STALLED VEHICLES. Slides 30 Flooding on the Roadway ♦ Do not try to drive over a flooded road. If your vehicle stalls, abandon it. Make sure all students are evacuated safely and accounted for. School Bus Drivers Inservice 30

HURRICANE KATRINA Slide 31 Remember, our school district bus fleets are part of FEMA. What does this mean and how would we be affected? As a district employee there may be time that your services will be needed for unexpected emergency. Let’s use Katrina as an example. Transportation was needed for evacuation. District folks will likely say: I need my buses to respond to what's happening in our district. Fine, but at some point, those buses would be free of district duties. At that point, how many buses/drivers could be provided? And how do we let folks know regarding the deployment of those buses? Who is going to be sending the buses where they are needed? Transportation managers will have worked with local emergency managers to establish a protocol for what would happen in an actual emergency. Drivers need to be encouraged to plan ahead and have a strategy for their own family in an emergency situation, so they can be safe and comfortable in assisting with the emergency work. You may be asked to respond to an emergency situation it could be a bus accident or an unforeseen disaster ie: flooding, earthquake, hurricane or terrorist event. The district would be more confident having actual school bus drivers operating their district buses because FEMA or emergency manager may not have CDL drivers available. This would be something the districts and drivers need to see as an expected part of their duties. TRAINER NOTE: This would be an excellent time to review district policy regarding disaster procedures and employee expectations with your drivers School Bus Drivers Inservice 31

PHYSICAL EMERGENCIES AFFECTING THE DRIVER
Slide 32 As a driver you could be affected by allergies or a physical emergency. It is always best to pull over safely to deal with the emergency. For example you could get something in your eye or have a coughing fit. Let’s talk about the proper way to deal with these emergencies. 32 School Bus Drivers Inservice

DIRT IN THE EYE COUGHING, SNEEZING
DIRT IN EYE, COUGHING, SNEEZING SIGNAL SLOW DOWN STOP IN SAFE LOCATION. If you feel unsafe to drive the bus contact your dispatcher. Slide 33 Physical Emergencies Affecting the Driver ♦ Dirt in eye, violent coughing, or sneezing attack signal, slow down, and stop at safe location until condition is corrected. ♦ Dropped articles do not try to retrieve anything from floor of vehicle while vehicle is moving. Stop. Then recover or dispose of dropped item. School Bus Drivers Inservice 33

DISTRACTIONS ON THE BUS
Distractions on the Bus Slide 34 At any time a driver may have a distracting emergency inside the bus. It could be the students yelling there is a problem on the bus. Another common type of distraction is an insect flying inside the bus. This is what you should do if you have an insect on the bus. 34 School Bus Drivers Inservice

INSECT IN VEHICLE MANAGE YOUR OWN FEAR. STOP IN SAFE PLACE. OPEN WINDOWS, DOORS, ETC. Insects in Vehicle Slide 35 ♦ If you are very afraid of insects, manage your own fear and ignore the fear of your passengers. ♦ Stop the bus at a safe location. ♦ Open windows, doors, etc., and allow the bee to leave the bus. School Bus Drivers Inservice 35

STUDENT PROBLEM SLOW DOWN. STOP IN SAFE LOCATION. TURN OFF THE BUS. TAKE YOUR KEY. INVESTIGATE STUDENT ISSUE Slide 36 Students yelling Slow down Stop in safe place Turn off bus Take keys Investigate issue School Bus Drivers Inservice 36

ARTICLES ROLLING ON THE FLOOR
Do not try to retrieve anything from floor of vehicle while vehicle is moving. Stop IN A SAFE PLACE. recover or dispose of dropped item. SLIDE 37 C. Dropped articles or something rolling on the floor of the bus. 1. Do not try to retrieve anything from floor of vehicle while vehicle is moving. 2. Stop. Then recover or dispose of dropped item. School Bus Drivers Inservice 37

RULES TO REMEMBER USE COMMON SENSE. USE COMMON SENSE AND STAY COOL. USE COMMON SENSE, STAY COOL, AND DON’T ESCALATE THE PROBLEM. Slide38 Rules to remember in an emergency situation. First rule is use common sense Second rule is use common sense and stay cool. Third rule is use common sense, stay cool and don’t escalate the problem. School Bus Drivers Inservice 38

SUMMARY ANY TIME, ANYPLACE. “All Hazards Approach” BE PROFESSIONAL. BE PREPARED. USE COMMON SENSE. Summary: Slide 39 Emergency situations can occur at any time, consequently, school bus drivers must be prepared to cope with emergencies in a professional manner. Leadership during a time of crisis is extremely important. The school bus driver is the leader and therefore needs to be prepared for an emergency situation, both professional and personally. Emergencies involve many types of situations some of which we discussed today. School Bus Drivers Inservice 39

EVALUATION Q. WHAT ARE THREE DRIVING HAZARDS A DRIVER MIGHT FACE? A. BRAKE FAILURE, RECOVERING FROM A SKID, TIRE BLOWOUT, RUNNING OFF THE PAVEMENT, STUCK ACCELERATOR, HEADLIGHT FAILURE, BUS CATCHES FIRE, STEERING FAILURE, BEE IN VEHICLE, RUTS AND HOLES. Slide 40 What are three driving hazards that a driver might face. Brake Failure, Recovering from a Skid, Tire Blowout, Running off the Pavement, Stuck Accelerator, Headlight Failure, Bus Catches on Fire, Steering Failure, Bee in Vehicle, Ruts and Holes School Bus Drivers Inservice 40

EVALUATION Q. NAME THREE WEATHER RELATED EMERGENCIES THAT A DRIVER MIGHT FACE? A. SNOW AND ICE, FOG AND RAIN, THUNDER STORMS AND LIGHTENING, EARTHQUAKE, FLOOD. Slide 41 What are three driving hazards that a driver might face. o Snow and Ice o Fog and Rain o Thunder Storms and Lightening o Earthquake o Flood School Bus Drivers Inservice 41

EVALUATION Q. WHAT ARE THE THREE RULES DRIVERS SHOULD REMEMBER? A. 1. USE COMMON SENSE. 2. USE COMMON SENSE AND STAY COOL. 3. USE COMMON SENSE, STAY COOL, DON’T ESCALATE THE PROBLEM. Slide 42 Q. WHAT ARE THE THREE RULES DRIVERS SHOULD REMEMBER? A. 1. USE COMMONSENSE. 2. USE COMMON SENSE AND STAY COOL. 3. USE COMMON SENSE, STAY COOL, DON’T ESCALATE THE PROBLEM. School Bus Drivers Inservice 42

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EMERGENCY SITUATIONS Introduction: Slide 1

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