1. Types of Societies
Chapter 4.3

2. Preindustrial Society
The main source of economic activity is FOOD PRODUCTION.
Preindustrial societies are divided into their method of producing food:
Hunting and Gathering
Pastoral Societies
Horticultural Societies
Agricultural Societies

3. Hunting and Gathering Society
The main form of food production consists of the collection of wild plants and hunting of wild animals.

4. Hunting Gathering Societies
Hunting and gathering societies consists of fewer than 60 people and rarely exceed 100. They are called “bands.”

5. Pastoral Societies
Rather than searching for food on a daily basis, members in a pastoral society rely on domesticated herd animals to meet their food needs.

6. Pastoral Societies
Division of labor- Because there are food surpluses, individuals within the group become specialized at specific economic tasks.
EX- craft workers, producing tools, weapons, jewelry…
These types of societies still exist, but are facing change:

7. Horticultural Societies
Main source of food is fruits and vegetables grown in garden plots that have been cleared from the jungle or forest.

8. Horticultural Societies
Slash and burn method to raise crops: wild vegetation is cut and burned and the ash is used as fertilizer.
Clip:

9. Agricultural Societies
Animals are used to pull plows and till fields.

10. Agricultural Societies
Technology allows agriculturalists to plant more crops than is possible than when only human labor is used.
Higher crop yields = large populations
Sharp divisions in status – landowners (wealth and power) and peasants (workers).