1. What we know and believe about the world is based on religious tradition, mythology, etc.
What we know and believe is based on reason
What we know is based on science--what we discover and experience
We create what we know-- Knowledge or reality is socially created
Knowledge or reality is objective
Quasi- Objective
Quasi-Objective
Knowledge or reality is relative

2. Logical
empiricists
Philosophical hermeneutics
Positivists
Rationalists
Post empiricists
Scientific method, rules, procedures, proofs, hypotheses, etc.
Senses guarantee truth knowledge claims
Reason is the primary method of defining truth and knowledge
Knowledge is defined by interpretation
Meanings determine facts, created reality

3. Logical
empiricists
Philosophical hermeneutics
Positivists
Rationalists
Post empiricists
Scientific method
Senses guarantee truth knowledge claims
Reason is the primary method of defining truth and knowledge
Knowledge is defined by interpretation
Meanings determine facts, created reality
Quantitative (confirms or validates theories)
Qualitative (generates theories)

4. Logical
empiricists
Philosophical hermeneutics
Positivists
Rationalists
Post empiricists
Scientific method
Senses guarantee truth knowledge claims
Reason is the primary method of defining truth and knowledge
Knowledge is defined by interpretation
Meanings determine facts, created reality
Quantitative (confirms or validates theories)
Qualitative (discovers or generates theories)
Deductive
Inductive

5. Logical
empiricists
Philosophical hermeneutics
Positivists
Rationalists
Post empiricists
Scientific method
Senses guarantee truth knowledge claims
Reason is the primary method of defining truth and knowledge
Knowledge is defined by interpretation
Meanings determine facts, created reality
Quantitative (confirms or validates theories)
Qualitative (discovers or generates theories)
Deductive
Inductive
Biology, physics, math, chemistry, etc.
Anthropology, sociology, education, history, etc.

6. Logical
empiricists
Philosophical hermeneutics
Positivists
Rationalists
Post empiricists
Scientific method
Senses guarantee truth knowledge claims
Reason is the primary method of defining truth and knowledge
Knowledge is defined by interpretation
Meanings determine facts, created reality
Quantitative (confirms or validates theories)
Qualitative (discovers or generates theories)
Deductive
Inductive
Biology, physics, math, chemistry, etc.
Anthropology, sociology, education, history, etc.
Scientific method (dependent and independent variables, random sampling, etc.), proofs, hypotheses, standardized tests, inferential statistics
Interviews, open ended surveys, direct observation, document analysis, naturalistic inquiry, philosophical inquiry