1. Prose
Acrostic
Cinquain
What is poetry?
Concrete
Haiku
Limerick
Elegy

3. Why do we read and write poetry?
Video clip 1:
Video clip 2:

4. Elements of Poetry Poetry is: a form of literary expression
captures intense experiences
Poetry is not prose.
Prose is:
ordinary language people use in speaking or writing

5. Distinguishing Characteristics of Poetry
Unlike prose which has a narrator, poetry has a speaker.
A speaker, or voice, talks to the reader. The speaker is not necessarily the poet. It can also be a fictional person, an animal or even a thing
Example
But believe me, son.
I want to be what I used to be
when I was like you.
from “Once Upon a Time” by Gabriel Okara

6. Distinguishing Characteristics of Poetry
Poetry is also formatted differently from prose.
A line is a word or row of words that may or may not form a complete sentence.
A stanza is a group of lines in a poem. The stanzas in a poem are separated by a space.

7. Prose Vs. Poetry No rhyme Rhymed/Unrhymed No pattern/rhythm
No line division
Can use images
Can target emotions
Divisions are paragraphs
Rhymed/Unrhymed
Follows a beat/has rhythm
Line division
Uses images to focus on a particular idea
Targets emotions through use of images
Divisions are stanzas

8. Prose
  A woman stands on a mountain top with the cold seeping into her body. She looks on the valley below as the wind whips around her. She cannot leave to go to the peaceful beauty below.          In the valley, the sun shines from behind the clouds causing flowers to bloom. A breeze sends quivers through the leaves of trees. The water gurgles in a brook. All the woman can do is cry.

9. Poetry
   The Woman on the Peak          The woman stands upon the barren peak,          Gazing down on the world beneath.          The lonely chill seeps from the ground          Into her feet, spreading, upward bound.          The angry wind whistles ‘round her head,          Whipping her hair into streaming snakes,          While she watches, wishes, weakly wails.          Beyond the mountain, sunshine peeks,          Teasing flowers to survive and thrive.          The breeze whispers through the leaves,          Causing gentle quivers to sway the trees.          Laughter gurgles as the splashing brook          Playfully tumbles over rugged rocks,          While the woman above can only grieve.

10. Prose vs. poetry
No one warns little girls that boys tell lies and they end up crying on their pillows at night rather than chasing their dreams.
Boys: Do you have a rebuttal?

11. You try!

15. Enjambment
Incomplete syntax at the end of the line in which the meaning runs from one poetic line to the next (run on).
T.S. Eliot’s “The Wasteland”
April is the cruelest month,
breeding
Lilacs out of the dead land,
mixing
Memory and desire,….
William Carlos Williams’s “Between Walls” is one sentence broken into 10 enjambed lines:

16. Rhyme
Rhyme is the repetition of the same stressed vowel sound and any succeeding sounds in two or more words.
Red, bed, said, Ted, etc…
Internal rhyme occurs within a line of poetry.
End rhyme occurs at the end of lines.
Rhyme scheme is the pattern of end rhymes that may be designated by assigning a different letter of the alphabet to each new rhyme

17. Rhyme Scheme Example: Like the sun behind the clouds A
Pattern of rhyme in a stanza or poem. You can identify the rhyme scheme in stanzas by looking at the last word in the line and assigning letters to the rhyming words
Example:
Like the sun behind the clouds A
Like the darkness of the night B
Like the grass beneath the trees C
You stepped into the light… B

18. “Penelope” by Dorothy ParkerC D E
In the pathway of the sun,
In the footsteps of the breeze,
Where the world and sky are one,
He shall ride the silver seas,
He shall cut the glittering wave.
I shall sit at home, and rock;
Rise, to heed a neighbor’s knock;
Brew my tea, and snip my thread;
Bleach the linen for my bed.
They will call him brave.

19. Rhyme Scheme Practice 1. I knew I’d have to grow up sometime, ______
That my childhood memories would end, ______
But a spark within me died, ______
When I lost my imaginary friend. ______ 2.
As the sun set and the moon came, ______
I looked out the window in dread and shame. ______
The sound of birds rose from the sky, ______
I waved my hand and bid goodbye. ______

20. Rhyme Scheme Practice 3. When I look into his eyes, ______
I see the deep blue sea. ______
I hope my love never dies, ______
That he’ll always be there for me. ______ 4.
And here ends the saga ______
Of writers who have grown. ______
We’re successful authors, ______
Now we will be unknown. ______

21. Expresses Personal thoughts and Emotions
Dramatic Poetry Dramatizes action through dialogue or monologue
Narrative Poetry Poetry-Tells a story
Lyrical Poetry
Expresses Personal thoughts and Emotions

22. Acrostic Scary Curious Humiliating Open Opportunity Laughter
A poem that spells out a word.
Scary
Curious
Humiliating
Open
Opportunity
Laughter

23. Challenge...
Come up with the BEST acrostic poem for the word, English. Be ready to share! E N G L I S H

24. Cinquain
five line poem (1 noun, 2 adjectives, 3 gerunds, full sentence, 1 synonym)
Money
Green, desirable
Earning, sharing, stealing
It is the necessary evil of the world.
Wealth

25. Compose a cinquain using the one of the following words: love, hate, friendship, or family.

26. Concrete
A poem that focuses on the visual aspect of poetry, thus creating a shape.

27. Elegy
An Elegy is a sad and thoughtful poem lamenting the death of a person.
The Stone Alone in a meadow in the pouring rain I find the stone that causes all my pain, As I stumble through the fog in disbelief I fall down upon my knees and sob in grief The fog horn cries her mournful sound As my heart falls down, beneath the ground Crying out to God for mercy all in vain To take away the stone that bears your name --Elaine George

28. Epitaph
A short poem, saying or other message on a gravestone in memory of a deceased person.

29. Epic
An epic poem is a long, serious, poetic narrative about a significant event, often featuring a hero. 
Example:
The Iliad
The Odyssey
Beowulf

30. Free Verse Nightmare A thought, or is it reality Mysterious happenings
Free Verse is a type of poetry that exhibits very little boundaries. It does not rhyme but rather “flows.” It is not story-like with complete sentences but poetic like the following:
Nightmare
A thought, or is it reality
Mysterious happenings
Seeking to be let out
Scary beyond all measures
Falling into darkness
Only finding
…morning

31. Sample Free Verse—Can you guess the subject and give it a title?
Fleeting Whispering the words of the deaf Always felt but never touched Always heard but never seen Cornering you in the night Unbiased And everchanging

32. Let’s write one together. Contribute a line!
Tomorrow
It is just beyond the horizon

33. Group 1 --Clouds Group 2-- Adventure Group 3--Winter Group 4--Betrayal
Work collaboratively with your group to construct a Free Verse poem over your given topic. EACH group member must contribute at least one line!
Group 1 --Clouds
Group 2-- Adventure
Group 3--Winter
Group 4--Betrayal
Group 5--Laughter

34. Haiku
A Haiku is a Japanese poem that follows a specific pattern. Haikus traditionally deal with subjects associated with nature or natural things. - the first line must be five syllables- the second line must be seven syllables- the third line must be five syllables (5, 7, 5 rule) Examples:
The whisper of wind
Here today, here tomorrow
Always Everywhere.
Yellow lines white lines
It shouldn't be quite so hard
To stay in between
Curving up, then down.  
Meeting blue sky and green earth  
Melding sun and rain.

35. Are these Haikus? If not, how can they be fixed?
Night Mystery lurking Chilled to the bones with fear Cautiously waiting
Friends True friends do listen When life seems to get you down Trust is key

36. You try! Fill in the two five syllable lines.
*Fill in the seven syllable line. It was the first time _____________________________ Beautiful escape
*Fill in the two five syllable lines.
___________________________
The petals bend to the earth

37. Limerick Example of an 8,8,5,5,8 syllable limerick:
A limerick poem is one in which the first, second and fifth lines rhyme with each other and have the same number of syllables (typically 8 or 9). The third and fourth lines rhyme with each other and have the same amount of syllables. Limericks often start with the line "There once was a..." or "There was a...” and are typically funny/humorous!
Example of an 8,8,5,5,8 syllable limerick:
There once was a girl on the bus
So cute she made Christopher fuss
He gave her a look
Got smacked with a book
It hurt him so bad that he cussed.

38. Poetry Slam Depression: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aqu4ezLQEUA
Written on a page but performed for an audience
Can be competitive
Powerful message
Rhythmic pattern
Passionate (emotions are apparent)
Depression:

39. Sample Limericks
There once was a boy named Bieber who gave all the ladies fever Small pox it was not, they thought he was hot, with hair like a golden retriever.
My homework has just been beset by the memes on the Internet A panda sneezes... Then my comp freezes! And I'm stuck with math I don't get.

40. Lyric Poem
A poem that expresses the thoughts and feelings of the writer; has a song-like quality
Example:
With those same Boots of Lead, again,
I felt a Funeral, in my Brain, (340)
Then Space - began to toll,
BY EMILY DICKINSON
As all the Heavens were a Bell,
And Being, but an Ear,
I felt a Funeral, in my Brain,
And I, and Silence, some strange Race,
And Mourners to and fro
Wrecked, solitary, here -
Kept treading - treading - till it seemed
That Sense was breaking through -
And then a Plank in Reason, broke,
And I dropped down, and down -
And when they all were seated,
And hit a World, at every plunge,
A Service, like a Drum -
And Finished knowing - then -
Kept beating - beating - till I thought
My mind was going numb -
And then I heard them lift a Box
And creak across my Soul

41. Ode
A poem that celebrates a subject; a tribute to an object, person or event
Ode to Whataburger:

42. Ode Example: Ode on Solitude On a more serious note: BY ALEXANDER POPE
Hours, days, and years slide soft away,
In health of body, peace of mind,
Ode on Solitude
Quiet by day,
BY ALEXANDER POPE
Happy the man, whose wish and care
Sound sleep by night; study and ease,
A few paternal acres bound,
Together mixed; sweet recreation;
Content to breathe his native air,
And innocence, which most does please,
In his own ground.
With meditation.
Whose herds with milk, whose fields with bread,
Thus let me live, unseen, unknown;
Thus unlamented let me die;
Whose flocks supply him with attire,
Steal from the world, and not a stone
Whose trees in summer yield him shade,
Tell where I lie.
In winter fire.
Blest, who can unconcernedly find

43. To repeat one’s lovely self twice daily
And to tell the time is quite the ticket;
While grinding your shining gears quite gaily
Within ticking metal so intricate.
It just takes some time and its’ dictation
To fuel your ever-working little hands
Silently counting the world’s rotations
As wind blows hard upon the dusty sands.
A clever guardian of all that breathes
And of everything that’s rightly true;
An invisible sower of the seeds
But will you choose to see tomorrow through? 
You can erode the world down to the last
Teller of future, and keeper of past.
Sonnet
A form of poetry that was created during the renaissance. English sonnets consist of 14 lines; three, four line stanzas (quatrains) accompanied by a two line (couplets) closing stanza.  The rhyming scheme for an English Sonnet is:
abab cdcd efef gg

44. Poetic Devices

45. Figurative and Literal Language
Literally: words function exactly as defined
The car is blue.
He caught the football.
Figuratively: figure out what it means
I’ve got your back.
You’re a doll.
^Figures of Speech

46. Alliteration
Alliteration refers to repetition of a particular sound in the first syllables of a series of words and/or phrases.
Don't delay dawns disarming display . Dusk demands daylight . Dewdrops dwell delicately drawing dazzling delight . Dewdrops dilute daisies domain. Distinguished debutantes . Diamonds defray delivered daylights distilled daisy dance

47. Alliteration Cafeteria Chaos
The line lingers,
My stomach growls.
Tina topples her tray,
And the whole place howls!
Spinach spills!
Pass the paper towels!
Someone pings a pea,
And the fifth grade teacher frowns!
What’s likely at lunch?
Everyone chomps and chows down!

48. Assonance Repetition of vowel sound. Examples
“That solitude which suits abstruser musings” - Samuel Taylor Coleridge
“Hear the mellow wedding bells.” — Edgar Allen Poe

49. Assonance Examples
Writers sometimes repeat vowel sounds to reinforce the meaning of the words. It also helps to create moods. Here, the long o sounds mysterious.
Poetry is old, ancient, goes back far. It is among the oldest of living things. So old it is that no man knows how and why the first poems came. --Carl Sandburg, Early Moon
And so, all the night-tide, I lie down by the side Of my darling, my darling, my life and my bride.
--Edgar Allan Poe, "Annabel Lee"

50. Consonance
Repetition of a consonant sound that is not at the beginning of the word—appears in the middle or end of words.
Example
The sun goes down
“as in guys she gently sways at ease” –Robert Frost
The letter was blank, and she didn’t even blink.
Sound beside the wood

51. Sound Devices Review
Alliteration is repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of a word.
Assonance is repetition of vowel sounds (typically happens in the middle of a word).
Consonance is repetition of consonant sound at the end of words.
Trick: Put the words in alphabetical order!
Alliteration Assonance Consonance
beginning
middle
end

52. Anaphora The repetition of a word or phrase for emphasis.
Winston Churchill’s famous 1940 speech before the Commons:
We shall not flag or fail. We shall go on to the end. We shall fight in France, we shall fight on the seas and oceans, we shall fight with growing confidence and growing strength in the air, we shall defend our island, whatever the cost may be, we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills. We shall never surrender.

53. Allusion When she walked down the hall they parted like the red sea.
An allusion is a figure of speech that makes a reference to, or representation of, a place, event, literary work, myth, or work of art, either directly or by implication.
I was his Juliet, he my Romeo.
When she walked down the hall they parted like the red sea.

54. Connotation and Denotation
Connotation - the emotion or attitude surrounding a word.
Denotation - the strict dictionary meaning of a word.
Example: You may live in a house, but we live in a home.

55. Which of the following has a more favorable connotation?
thrifty penny-pinching
pushy aggressive
politician statesman
chef cook
slender skinny

56. Elements of Poetry
When we explore the connotation and denotation of a poem, we are looking at the poet’s diction.
Diction – the choice of words by an author or poet.
Many times, a poet’s diction can help unlock the tone or mood of the poem.

57. Elements of Poetry: Tone and Mood
Mood – the feeling or atmosphere that a poet creates. Mood can suggest an emotion (ex. “excited”) or the quality of a setting (ex. “calm”, “somber”) In a poem, mood can be established through word choice, line length, rhythm, etc.
Tone – a reflection of the poet’s attitude toward the subject of a poem. Tone can be serious, sarcastic, humorous, etc.

58. Hyperbole
Hyperboles are figures of speech that are exaggerated in order to create emphasis or effect.
I’m so hungry I could eat a horse!
I have a million things to do.
He’ll live to be six-hundred and two!

59. Idiom Idioms are, literally ideas as expressions. They
develop from older usage,
where the words mean
something other than
their literal meaning.
A chip on your shoulder
A slap on the wrist
A fair-weather friend
A piece of cake

60. Metaphor
Comparing two unlike things not using like or as. Examples: My mother is a rock. He has a heart of stone. Life is a struggle. Time is money.

61. Metaphor Poems Hate is a sore, festering and bubbling on the heart
Hate is a single-leafed tree, its owner weak and alone
Hate is a wilted rose, time has worn it from beauty to wretchedness
Hate is a zit, ready to burst
Hate is the Hulk, small when calm, huge and fierce when agitated
Hate is a snake, it swallows its enemies whole
Hate is a birthday party, it can take you by surprise
Hate is a tree, it stands the test of time
Hate is a rubber band, it will snap when pulled too hard
Hate is a deadly disease, something you don’t want to catch

62. Metaphor Poems Hate is a zit Earned by debris, dirt, oil, grime
Extended Metaphor (also called a Conceit)
Hate is a zit
Earned by debris, dirt, oil, grime
Kicked into a face
By a filthy world
It begins beneath the surface
Then pokes out its disgusting head
Makes the face turn red
And grows and grows
Until finally
It explodes

63. Compose your own 5 line metaphor poem
You may use any of the following terms: Love, faith, friendship, joy, cold, heat

64. Onomatopoeia
The process of creating or using words that imitate sounds.
Buzz
Chirp
Baah
Bang
Beep
clatter
ding

65. Onomatopoeia Poem What Some People Do
Shout and shoot and gargle, gasp,
Gab and gag and groan,
Hem and haw and work the jaw,
Grumble, mumble, moan…
Beef and bellyache and bat,
Say a mouthful, squawk,
That is what some people do
When they merely talk.

66. Oxymoron
A special kind of concise paradox that brings together two contradicting terms The battle of little big horn. A venomous love Bitter-sweet Alone in a crowd Among the first A big baby

67. Personification
Awarding human like qualities to inanimate objects. The sun looked down and smiled. Opportunity knocks. The Earth felt the wound. The lightning lashed out with anger. The stars danced in the night sky.