1. Sexual and Reproductive Health BCHS – Ms. Whipple

2. Note: Sexual Health Appreciation of one’s body
Appropriate and respectful interaction with both genders
Appropriate expressions of love and intimacy
Avoiding exploitative relationships
Identification of values
Responsibility for one’s own behavior
Accepting sexual feelings without needing to act on them
Honoring the Lord with your decisions and abstaining from sex before marriage

3. Sexual Health cont’d
Understand consequences of sexual activity (talk with partner about sexual activity, possible outcomes & limits)
Practice health promoting behaviours (regular check-ups, pap smears, contraception & family planning)
Understanding the impact of media messages
Seek information about sexuality as needed
Able to negotiate and communicate sexual limits.

4. What is Reproductive Health?

5. Note: Reproductive Health
Anything pertaining to, or affecting reproduction
The physical ability to produce offspring
Awareness of what is normal and abnormal in regards to reproductive organs
Pre-conceptual health (nutrition, activity)
Prenatal health (nutrition, physical activity)

6. Caring for your reproductive Health:
Girls:
Begin to see Gynecologist at 18 even if you are not sexually active for an exam and pap smear (testing for uterine cysts & cervical cancer)
Talk to your Gynecologist about any abnormal symptoms or pain that you may be having
If you have questions, ask a trusted female adult or see your gynecologist
Boys:
Talk to your doctor about any abnormal symptoms or pain you may be having
If you have questions, ask a trusted male adult or see your doctor.

7. ABSTINENCE Abstinence is an equal opportunity behavior.
Anyone can make a conscious choice to not have sex.
Abstinence is a thoughtful choice reflecting personal and religious values.
Abstinence is an expression of personal power and self confidence.
Making decisions that are complex and challenging can make a person stronger.
The Lord desires for us to save sex for marriage and it is Honoring to Him when we choose it.

9. Female Menstrual Cycle
Menstrual Cycle- The process during which an egg matures & is released (Ovulation) & the Uterus prepares to receive it (Endometrium (wall of uterus) Thickens).
Progesterone is responsible for this!!!
Maintaining growth of the endometrium for implantation of a fertilized egg

10. Menstrual Cycle

11. Male Hormonal Cycle
Men go through a daily hormonal cycle beginning at puberty.
Men are producing sperm at all times in the testes which is triggered by Testosterone.
For most men, Testosterone levels are higher in the morning and lower by the evening.

12. Fertilization (Baby Making!!)
Fertilization occurs when the sperm and egg unite after sexual intercourse.
This occurs in the Fallopian tube of a woman’s uterus
A woman is fertile for approx. 2 days each month but sperm can live for up to 4 days in a uterus so any given young woman’s chance of getting pregnant in any given month when engaging in unprotected sex is a 50-80% chance!!

13. Fertilization
Wall of Uterus
Ovary
Egg Release
Baby Forming!!

14. Sexually Transmitted Diseases

15. Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Diseases that can be cured (with antibiotics)
Syphilis
Gonorrhea
Chlamydia
Diseases that cannot be cured but symptoms can be treated:
HIV
Herpes
HPV
Hepatitis B

16. Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Getting Tested:
You can request a test for STDs from your doctor or gynecologist.
General STD screening only tests for Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, & Syphilis* (*not always in CA)
Additional blood test must be requested for HIV & Herpes.
Always get tested if you are planning on becoming sexually active and before engaging in sex with a new partner
Talk about the results of your tests with your partner before engaging in sexual behavior.

17. Family Planning - Contraception
For many teenagers that engage in sexual behavior, they will do so without planning and without birth control!!
Surveys show that many teenagers that engage in sexual intercourse wish they would have waited longer.
Abstinence is when partners do not engage in sexual intercourse
Abstinence is 100% effective in preventing pregnancy and STDs.
Communication between partners is important for those practicing abstinence to be successful

18. Reasons for abstaining
Moral or religious values – Honor the Lord with your body!!
Personal beliefs & limits
Medical reasons
Not feeling ready for an emotional, intimate relationship
Future plans

19. Types of Birth Control Hormonal Barrier IUD
Methods based on biological information
Permanent sterilization

21. Hormonal Methods Oral Contraceptives (Birth Control Pill)
Injections (Depo-Provera)
Implants (Norplant I & II)

22. Birth Control Pills Pills can be taken to prevent pregnancy
Pills are safe and effective when taken properly
Pills are over 99% effective
Women must have a pap smear to get a prescription for birth control pills
Pills DO NOT prevent STD’s

23. How does the pill work? Stops ovulation Thins uterine lining
Thickens cervical mucus

24. Depo-Provera
Birth control shot given once every three-six months to prevent pregnancy
99.7% effective preventing pregnancy
No daily pills to remember

25. The Patch

26. IMPLANTS
Implants are placed in the body filled with hormone that prevents pregnancy
Physically inserted in simple 15 minute outpatient procedure
Plastic capsule the size of paper matchstick inserted under the skin in the arm
99.95% effectiveness rate

28. BARRIER METHODS Spermicides Male Condom Female Condom Diaphragm
Cervical Cap

29. BARRIER METHOD
Prevents pregnancy blocks the egg and sperm from meeting
Barrier methods have higher failure rates than hormonal methods due to design and human error

31. MALE CONDOM
Most common and effective barrier method when used properly
Latex and Polyurethane should only be used in the prevention of pregnancy and spread of STD’s (including HIV)
Is the only birth control that reduces the risk of STD infection.

32. MALE CONDOM Perfect effectiveness rate = 97%
Typical effectiveness rate = 88%
Latex and polyurethane condoms are available
Combining condoms with spermicides raises effectiveness levels to 99%

34. FEMALE CONDOM Made as an alternative to male condoms Polyurethane
Physically inserted in the vagina
Perfect rate = 95%
Typical rate = 79%
Woman can use female condom if partner refuses

36. Vaginal Ring (NuvaRing)
95-99% Effective A new ring is inserted into the vagina each month
Does not require a "fitting" by a health care provider, does not require spermicide, can make periods more regular and less painful, no pill to take daily, ability to become pregnant returns quickly when use is stopped.
NuvaRing is a flexible plastic (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer) ring that releases a low dose of a progestin and an estrogen over 3 weeks.

37. DIAPRAGHM Perfect Effectiveness Rate = 94%
Typical Effectiveness Rate = 80%
Latex barrier placed inside vagina during intercourse
Fitted by physician
Spermicidal jelly before insertion
Inserted up to 18 hours before intercourse and can be left in for a total of 24 hours

39. INTRAUTERINE DEVICES (IUD)
T-shaped object placed in the uterus to prevent pregnancy
Must be on period during insertion
A Natural childbirth required to use IUD
Extremely effective without using hormones > 97 %
Must be in monogamous relationship
The intrauterine device (IUD) shown uses copper as the active contraceptive, others use progesterone in a plastic device. IUDs are very effective at preventing pregnancy (less than 2% chance per year for the progesterone IUD, less than 1% chance per year for the copper IUD). IUDs come with increased risk of ectopic pregnancy and perforation of the uterus and do not protect against sexually transmitted disease. IUDs are prescribed and placed by health care providers.

40. STERILIZATION
Procedure performed on a man or a woman permanently sterilizes
Female = Tubal Ligation
Male = Vasectomy

41. TUBAL LIGATION Surgical procedure performed on a woman
Fallopian tubes are cut, tied, cauterized, prevents eggs from reaching sperm
Failure rates vary by procedure, from 0.8%-3.7%
May experience heavier periods
Surgical sterilization which permanently prevents the transport of the egg to the uterus by means of sealing the fallopian tubes is called tubal ligation, commonly called "having one's tubes tied." This operation can be performed laparoscopically or in conjunction with a Cesarean section, after the baby is delivered. Tubal ligation is considered permanent, but surgical reversal can be performed in some cases

42. VASECTOMY Male sterilization procedure Ligation of Vas Deferens tube
No-scalpel technique available
Faster and easier recovery than a tubal ligation
Failure rate = 0.1%, more effective than female sterilization

43. METHODS BASED ON INFORMATION
Natural Family Planning
Fertility Awareness Method

44. Natural Family Planning & Fertility Awareness Method
Women take a class on the menstrual cycle to calculate more fertile times
Requires special equipment and cannot be self-taught
NFP abstains from sex during the calculated fertile time
FAM uses barrier methods during fertile time
Perfect effectiveness rate = 91%
Typical effectiveness rate = 75%
No 100% safe day-irregular periods

47. SOMETHING TO THINK ABOUT…
Couples who use no birth control have a 85% chance of a pregnancy within the first year…