1. Appositive and participial phrases

2. Appositives
An appositive is a noun/pronoun that explains the noun/pronoun it follows.
Ollie has the same class, history, this afternoon.
Dee wondered where her sister, Bonnie, had gone.

3. Appositive phrases
An appositive phrase is made up of an appositive and its modifiers (words added to describe the appositive).
Luther Vandross, Evan’s favorite singer, performed in Chicago.
We drove to Wisconsin Rapids, a medium-sized town along the Wisconsin River.

4. Appositive punctuation . . .
Appositives are often set off from the rest of a sentence by commas.
When an appositive is necessary to the meaning of the sentence or is closely related to the word it follows, no commas are necessary.
Troy, a good friend of mine, is camping with us.
The book Island of the Blue Dolphins is one of her favorites.

5. Appositives/appositive phrases
My dog, the mutt with the floppy ears, can do tricks.
Don’t lock that door, the exit out of the back of the gym.
This color, midnight blue, is just what I’ve been looking for.
Two men, a truck driver and a fisherman, helped my father push the car off the road.
Somebody reported the hazard, a pile of trash containing broken bottles, to the police.
Todd sang his favorite song, I’ve Been Working on Growing a Mullet, over and over all the way down the path.
Be sure to bring the exact change, fifty cents.

6. The participle A participle is a verb form used as an adjective.
Two kinds, past and present
Present – always end in “ing”
Past – often end in ed, d, n, or t
The horses trotting past were not frightened by the crowd.
Buried by pirates, the treasure lay undiscovered for centuries.

7. Participles Broken, the toy still ran.
Planning their trip, the class learned some geography.
Records, cracked and warped, were in the old trunk in the attic.
Shouting loudly, Becky warned the pedestrian to look out for the 18-wheeler.
The sparkling water splashed in our faces.

8. The participial phrase
A participial phrase is a group of related words that contains a participle and acts as an adjective.
Seeing itself in the mirror, the duck seemed bewildered.
Then, disgusted with the other duck, it began to peck the mirror.
Standing in line, Timmy couldn’t wait to buy a new brush for his mullet.

9. Participial phrases
Bathed in radiant light, Fred’s 10/90 mullet made several girls faint.
The cat, knowing how to upset its owner, urinated on the rug.
Trying to impress any nearby ladies, Terrance cranked up the new album by Buckets of Blood, his favorite Swedish black metal band.
Forgetting his manners, Louis ripped a loud belch in front of the girl of his dreams.
Sarah imagined Justin Bieber dressed in shining armor.

10. Participial phrases
Use the following participial phrases in sentences of your own . . .
Example: waiting in line
Waiting in line, we saw a fistfight between two old men.
waiting for the bus in the rain
passing the store window
planning the escape
jumping from stone to stone
hearing the whistle blow