1. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

2. Stages of Growth and Development
Infancy
Neonate
Birth to 1 month
1 month to 1 year
Early Childhood
Toddler
1-3 years
Preschool
3-5 years
Middle Childhood
School age
6-12 years
Late Childhood
Adolescent
13-18 years

3. REMEMBER! Growth and development are two different processes:
Growth is an increase in physical size
Development means an increase in skills, abilities and emotions

4. Principles of Growth and Development
Development is a continuous process (one skill lays the basis for mastery of new skills)
Development is sequential (one skill cannot develop until the previous one is achieved; maturation and learning)
Wide individual differences exist in growth and development rates
Growth and development proceed from general to specific
Growth and development proceed from simple to more complex
Development proceeds “from-head-to-toe”
Development proceeds “from-inward-to-outward”

5. Growth and Development Pattern
Development occurs in “head-to-toe” and
“inward-to-outward” direction.

6. What is the difference between growth and development?
Growth is an increase in the size, weight and height of an individual. It is a quantitative change that can be easily measured in metric or imperial units
                                
Development is an improvement of one’s abilities and skills. It is a qualitative change that cannot be measured in metric or imperial units

7. It is the process by which children gain control of their muscles
PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT
It is the process by which children gain control of their muscles
Physical development is important because:
It allows new learning to take place
It allows further development to take place
It affects children’s confidence and self-esteem

8. Physical development is grouped into the following areas:
GROSS MOTOR:
Gross motor skills (using whole limbs)
Locomotive skills (skills that help to move from one place to another)
FINE MOTOR:
Fine manipulative skills (using fingers)
Fine motor skills (using the whole hand and wrist)
CO-ORDINATION:
Hand-eye coordination
Foot-eye coordination
Balance

9. Children go through many different stages of physical development

10. Gross Motor Development
Newborn: barely able to lift head
6 months: easily lifts head, chest and upper abdomen and can bear weight on arms

11. Head Control
Newborn
Newborn
Age 6 months

12. Sitting up 2months old: needs assistance
6 months old: can sit alone in the tripod position
8 months old: can sit without support and engage in play

13. Sitting Up
Age 2 months
Age 8 months

14. Locomotive skills 9 month old: crawl
1 year: stand independently from a crawl position
13 month old: walk and toddle quickly
15 month old: can run

15. Locomotive skills
13 months old N
9 months old

16. Fine Motor - Infant
Newborn has very little control. Objects will be involuntarily grasped and dropped without notice.
6 month old: palmar grasp – uses entire hand to pick up an object
9 month old: pincer grasp – can grasp small objects using thumb and forefinger

17. Fine Motor Development
12-month-old
6-month-old

18. Fine Motor - toddler 1 year old 2 year old:
Can transfer objects from hand to hand
Can hold a crayon and colour horizontal strokes
2 year old:
Can hold a crayon and colour vertical strokes
Turn the page of a book
Build a tower of six blocks

19. Toddler

20. Fine Motor – Older Toddler
3 year old: copy a circle and a cross – build using small blocks
4 year old: use scissors, color within the borders
5 year old: write some letters
and draw a person with body
parts

21. Toddler
Safety becomes a problem as
the toddler becomes more
mobile.

22. School Years: fine motor
Writing skills improve
Fine motor is refined
Fine motor with more focus
Building: models – legos
Sewing
Musical instrument
Painting
Typing skills
Technology: computers

23. Early School Years

24. Later School Age 8 to 10 years team sports match sport to the physical
and emotional
development

25. Adolescent
As teenagers gain independence they begin to challenge values
Critical of adult authority
Relies on peer relationship
Mood swings especially in
early adolescence

26. Adolescents

27. Older Adolescents Relationships Sexuality – STD’s / AIDS
Substance use and abuse
Gang activity
Driving

28. Young age

29. Middle age

30. Old Age