1. An Introduction to Thinking Like a Sociologist
You May Ask Yourself
An Introduction to Thinking Like a Sociologist
FIFTH EDITION
Dalton Conley
Chapter 8
Gender
© 2017 W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.

2. Chapter 8 Opener
Leland Bobbe

3. Why would a sociologist disagree with the arguments about gender that John Gray poses in Men Are from Mars, Women Are from Venus?
Jay Colton/The LIFE Images Collection/Getty Images

4. David Reimer was subjected to gender reassignment surgery at 18 months old. What does his story tell us about the relationship between biological sex and gender identity?
Fred Greenslade/Reuters

5. Elizabeth Grosz uses a Möbius strip, such as this one drawn by M. C
Elizabeth Grosz uses a Möbius strip, such as this one drawn by M. C. Escher, as a model for sex and gender. Even though the ants appear to be above or below each other, they are really on the same side of the strip.
M. C. Escher Foundation

6. To see my interview with Amos Mac, go to digital. wwnorton
To see my interview with Amos Mac, go to digital.wwnorton.com/youmayask5.
Courtesy of Amos Mac

7. In the 1950s, Talcott Parsons advanced the idea that the nuclear family effectively reared children to meet the labor demands of a capitalist system.
Lambert/Getty Images

8. What did sociologist Janet Lever observe about the difference between the types of games that boys play versus those favored by girls?
Janine Wiedel Photolibrary/Alamy

9. Many conflict theorists argue that patriarchal capitalists benefit through systems that subordinate women. For instance, many cotton mills in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries hired young, unmarried women and required them to live in company boarding houses in order to regulate their behavior.
Library of Congress

10. Patricia Hill Collins criticized feminist leaders such as Betty Friedan (pictured above in the red dress), Billie Jean King (in tan pants and a blue shirt on the left), or Bella Abzug (in the gray dress, with the hat) for ignoring the experiences of thousands of working- class and nonwhite women.
AP Photo/Greg Smith

11. An ancient Greek image of two male lovers
An ancient Greek image of two male lovers. How can comparing social patterns of sexuality across cultures and throughout history help sociologists understand modern sexuality?
Ashmolean Museum, University of Oxford/Bridgeman Art Library

12. An 1895 cartoon illustrating Oscar Wilde’s sodomy trial
An 1895 cartoon illustrating Oscar Wilde’s sodomy trial. Wilde was convicted of gross indecency for his homosexual relationship with Lord Alfred Douglas. He served two years of hard labor in prison.
Pictorial Press Ltd/Alamy

13. Thousands participate in a gay pride parade.
Reuters/Paulo Pinto-AE

14. How do travesti challenge common binary models of understanding gender and sexuality?
Florian Kopp/imageBROKER/Alamy

15. To see an interview with Paula England about hook-up culture, go to digital.wwnorton.com/youmayask5.
Courtesy of Erica Rothman, Nightlight Productions and Dalton Conley

16. Figure 8.1: Percentage of High-School Students Who Have Had Sex, 1991–2015
SOURCE: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2016a.

17. Figure 8.2: College Enrollment by Gender, 1965–2013
SOURCE: National Center for Education Statistics, 2014b.

18. As more and more women entered the workforce, many chose a career as a secretary. The Olivetti company marketed typewriters for secretaries via the glamorous “Olivetti girls” campaign. If you didn’t know that Olivetti made typewriters, based on this ad, what job would you guess “Olivetti girls” had?
The Advertising Archives

19. Figure 8.3: Increase of Women in the Workforce, 2013
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2014i.

20. Figure 8.4: Pay Discrepancy Based on Gender
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2014d.

21. Go to digital.wwnorton.com/youmayask5 to see more of my interview with Ashley Mears.
Courtesy of Erica Rothman, Nightlight Productions and Dalton Conley

22. Harvard University student Schuyler Bailar became the first openly transgender swimmer to compete in the NCAA.
Marvin Joseph/The Washington Post via Getty Images

23. A World War II poster featuring Rosie the Riveter.
Time Life Pictures/Getty Images