1. Logical Framework Approach -Critique from feminist lens
Ranjani.K.Murthy
Prepared for TEWA, Nepal
February 1st to 5th, 2015

2. Origin
Late 1960s
US later spread to Canada, Europe (GOPP, OOPP), Australia and developing countries

3. Why Logical framework? Planning Monitoring Redesigning?? Evaluation
Learning??

4. Logical Framework/Frames
Objectively verifiable indicators
Benchmark
Means of Verification
Assumption
Goal
Objectives
Outputs
Activities
Inputs

5. Qualitative and quantitative
What is an indicator?
Pointer
Number or Proportion
Qualitative and quantitative
quantitative indicators can be defined as measures of quantity, such as the number
of people who own sewing machines in a village.
qualitative indicators can be defined as people's judgements and perceptions about a
subject, such as the confidence those people have in sewing machines as instruments
of financial independence.

6. Good indicators
Specific
Measurable
Attainable
Relevant
Time bound

7. Example (Save the Children)
Parents (who) will demonstrate positive relationships with their children   (what) in their home environment (where) by an increase in nurturing    communication, and appropriate and responsive care (how) at the time    of exiting the program (when).
X% of parents served (measurable) will demonstrate positive relationships with their  Children…..
75% of parents served (attainable) will demonstrate positive relationships with their 

8. Example (Save the Children)
If children are in shelter-home it may be relevant to look at behaviour of warden and care givers than parents
Relevant
….at the time of exit of the program
Time bound
Save the Children, n.d SMART Indicators,

9. Defining indicators political process
Types of indicators
Input
Process
Output
Outcome
Impact
Goal
Objectives
Outputs
Activities
Resource
GNP, basic needs, empo…. Were women included in planning
Evaluation (qualitative and quantitative)
Monitoring (software, formats, reports)
Defining indicators political process

10. Interpreting and use political process
Means of Verification
What are the sources of information that exist or can be collected?
What are the methods required to get this information?
Logical Framework (LogFRAME) Methodology
Interpreting and use political process

11. Assumptions
Probability of –ve low
Positive
Negative

12. What is the expected logical flow?
If the inputs are delivered and the assumptions hold then activities will take place
If these activities are implemented, and these assumptions hold, then these outputs will be delivered
If these outputs are delivered, and these assumptions hold, then the objectives will be achieved
If this objective is achieved, and these assumptions hold, then this Goal will be achieved.

13. LFA critique from a feminist lens
A political
Linear- not normally modified
Indicators need not be gender/socially transformative
Risks/enabling factors underplayed
Learning at best for project management- not marginalised women themselves

14. What is gender-indicator?
Direct evidence of the status of women, relative to some agreed normative standard or explicit reference group (Johnston, 85 in CIDA, 1997) A gender indicator can be defined as using quantitative and qualitative measures to capture gender-related changes in society over time (CIDA, 1997). Need to be disaggregated by gender, caste, class, ethnicity, minority status, abilities, marital status, sexual/gender orientation etc (Murthy and Kappen, 2005)

15. Gender and indicators (Murthy and Kappen, 2007)
Gender blind
Gender neutral
Gender specific
Gender transformative
Feminist indicators- transformative and at times specific

16. Exercise: Identify what kind of indicators
70% women trained have knowledge on how to apply for government housing programme after training two years after completion of the project
Leaders of women’s organizations are increasingly called upon by local governments, government officials or women atleast 3 times a year after training to address VAW
Training module, training materials and methodology developed for workshop on sexual and reproductive health and rights rated at least 4 out 5 from a gender lens
In 50% of villages/settlements were NGO works there is decrease in violence against women by the end of the project period
100% of NGO programme staff are aware that for effective peace building women should be involved.
Output, outcome, process, impact and input GS, GT, GT, GT, GN