1. An Emerging World Power
Chapter 5
An Emerging World Power
(1890–1917)

2. Section 1: The Roots of Imperialism
Section 2: The Spanish-American War
Section 3: A New Foreign Policy
Section 4: The U.S. and Latin America

3. Is right or wrong of countries to colonize other countries?
QW #4 - Imperialism
Define imperialism?
Is right or wrong of countries to colonize other countries?

4. Section 1 Vocab Imperialism Nationalism Annex Banana republic
Matthew Perry
Queen Liliuokalani

5. Commodore Matthew Perry

6. Secretary of State William Seward

7. United Fruit Company

8. Growth of Imperialism
Under imperialism, stronger nations attempt to create empires by dominating weaker nations.
The late 1800s marked the peak of European imperialism, with much of Africa and Asia under foreign domination.
By 1890, the United States was eager to join the competition for new territory.
Supporters of expansion denied that the United States sought to annex foreign lands.
To annex is to join a new territory to an existing country.

9. What accounts for the growth of imperialism:
Economic factors: The growth of industry increased the need for natural resources.
Nationalistic factors: Competition among European nations for large empires was the result of a rise in nationalism—or devotion to one’s own nation.
Military factors: Europe had better armies than Africa and Asia, and it needed bases around the world to refuel and supply navy ships.
Humanitarian factors: Europeans believed that they had a duty to spread the blessings of western civilizations to other countries.

10. Expanding U.S. Interests
The Monroe Doctrine
Originally meant that the U.S. declared itself neutral in European Wars and warned other nations to stay out of the Western Hemisphere
Later the doctrine was interpreted to mean a more active role to protect the interests of the U.S.
Seward’s Folly
In 1867, Secretary of State William Seward bought Alaska from Russia for $7 million.

11. Expanding U.S. Interests continued
Midway Islands
Seward bought the uninhabited Midway Islands for use as repairing and refueling stations for navy vessels in the Pacific.
Latin America and Hawaii
The U.S. signed a treaty with Hawaii and took a more active role in protecting Latin America

12. Alfred T. Mahan Stronger navy Naval bases Cuba Hawaii Philippines
Canal in Central America

13. Arguments for U.S. Expansion
#1 – Promoting Economic Growth:
The U.S. needed to secure new markets in other countries
The United Fruit Company invested and gained political influence in Central American countries.
These were known as Banana Republics
#2 – Protecting American Security:
An expanded navy with bases around the world would protect U.S. interests
By 1900, the U.S. had the most powerful navy in the world
#3 – Preserving American Spirit
Some leaders believed that introducing Christianity and modern civilization to less developed nations around the world was a noble pursuit.

14. States Exports

15. The Pressure to Expand-Assessment
With a Partner:
Partner A – explain where the U.S. expands outside of the continental U.S.
(1 minute)
Partner B – explain the reasons in favor of U.S. expanding overseas

16. Section 2 Vocab Jingoism Platt Amendment Sphere of influence
Open Door Policy
Jose Marti
William Randolph Hearst
Yellow Journalism
Rough Riders
Treaty of Paris

17. The U.S.S. Maine – The 1st Battleship

18. Admiral George Dewey – “Hero of Manila Bay”

19. William Randolph Hearst

20. The Spanish-American War – Steps to War
The United States became involved in the Cuban rebellion against Spain, to protect American business interests.
In competition for readership, two New York newspapers wrote exaggerated stories about the Cuban rebellion.
William Randolph Hearst
This yellow journalism sold a lot of papers but had other effects as well:
It whipped up American public opinion in favor of the Cuban rebels.
It led to a burst of national pride and the desire for an aggressive foreign policy, which became known as jingoism.
Then the U.S.S. Maine, stationed at Havana Harbor exploded, and the American people blamed Spain.
Congress recognized Cuban independence and authorized force against Spain.

22. The Spanish-American War – “A Splendid Little War”
May 1st 1898 – The United States Navy launches a surprise attack in Manila Bay
The Navy destroys Spain’s entire Pacific fleet in 7 hours
July 1st 1898 – Teddy Roosevelt (before he is President) leads the Rough Riders up San Juan Hill
July 3rd 1898 – The U.S. Navy sinks the rest of the remaining Spanish Ships

23. Transparency: Charge of the Rough Riders at San Juan Hill

24. The Spanish-American War – The Treaty of Paris
The Spanish Government recognized Cuba’s independence
Spain gives up:
The Philippines
Guam
Puerto Rico
In return for $20 million
The island nations then become unincorporated territories of the United States.

25. The Spanish-American War

26. Chart: Causes of American Deaths in the Spanish-American War

27. New Challenges After the War
President McKinley installed a military government in Cuba to protect American business interests.
Cuba drafted a constitution in 1900 that did not allow for U.S. involvement.
The U.S. government only agreed to remove its troops if Cuba included the Platt Amendment.
The Platt Amendment allowed for U.S. naval bases on the island and intervention whenever necessary and would remain in place until 1934.
Hawaii became increasingly important to United States business interests.
Hawaii also leased Pearl Harbor to the United States as a fueling and repair station for naval vessels. In 1898, Congress approved the annexation of Hawaii.

29. Spanish-American War in 3 Minutes

30. The Spanish-American War-Assessment
Which of the following was a reason President McKinley stated for the annexation of the Philippines?
(A) The United States needed raw materials from the Philippines.
(B) McKinley believed that the Filipinos could not govern themselves.
(C) McKinley believed that if the United States fought for it, they should own it.
(D) McKinley was concerned that granting independence would damage his public image.
How did the United States defend the Monroe Doctrine?
(A) By forcing the British to go to arbitration over their dispute with Venezuela
(B) By demolishing Spain’s navy
(C) By annexing the Philippines
(D) By winning the Spanish-American War

31. The Spanish-American War-Assessment
Which of the following was a reason President McKinley stated for the annexation of the Philippines?
(A) The United States needed raw materials from the Philippines.
(B) McKinley believed that the Filipinos could not govern themselves.
(C) McKinley believed that if the United States fought for it, they should own it.
(D) McKinley was concerned that granting independence would damage his public image.
How did the United States defend the Monroe Doctrine?
(A) By forcing the British to go to arbitration over their dispute with Venezuela
(B) By demolishing Spain’s navy
(C) By annexing the Philippines
(D) By winning the Spanish-American War

32. Quick Write #4 - “TR’s Foreign Policy”
It was Theodore “Teddy” Roosevelt who said of U.S. Foreign policy, “Speak softly and carry a big stick.”
What did he mean by this?

33. Chapter 5 Section 3 Vocab Insurrection Guerilla warfare
William Howard Taft
Sphere of influence
John Hay
Boxer Rebellion
Russo-Japanese War
“Gentlemen’s Agreement”
Great White Fleet

34. United States Interventions, 1898-1934

35. Pro-Imperialists Anti-Imperialists Debating Imperialism
Imperialism offered a new kind of frontier for American expansion.
Access to foreign markets made the economy stronger.
In 1907, President Roosevelt sent the Great White Fleet, part of the United States Navy, on a cruise around the world to demonstrate U.S. naval power to other nations.
Anti-Imperialists
A moral and political argument: Expansionism was a rejection of our nation’s founding principle of “liberty for all.”
An economic argument: Expansion involved too many costs.

36. Imperialism Viewed From Abroad
In the Caribbean and Central America, the United States often had to defend governments that were unpopular with local inhabitants.
Many countries also began to turn to the United States for help.
China’s huge population and its vast markets became very important to American trade.
President McKinley’s Secretary of State, John Hay, wrote notes to the major European powers trying to persuade them to keep an “open door” to China.
He wanted to ensure through his Open Door Policy that the United States would have equal access to China’s millions of consumers.
The American government still struggles to reconcile its great power and national interests with its relationships with other nations.

37. Filipinos Rebel Against U.S. Rule
Filipinos were angry that the United States did not grant them independence after the Spanish-American War ended, leading to war.
Insurrection = rebellion.
Philippines goes into insurrection and fights a guerrilla war against the U.S.
1901 – William Howard Taft becomes Governor General.
President McKinley’s arguments for Philippine annexation:
Filipinos were unfit for self-government.
Independence would bring anarchy.
European powers would try to seize the islands.
The Filipinos fought a three-year war for independence and did not gain complete independence until 1946.

38. Tensions Rise Between America and Japan
Many Asians in America were looked at with suspicion and hostility leading to growing conflict with Japan in the early 1900s.
TR won a Nobel Peace prize for his efforts helping to end the Russo-Japanese War ( )
1906 – San Francisco school board bans Japanese, Chinese and Korean students from attending school with white children
Gentlemen’s Agreement – the school board reversed its policy, and Japan agreed to limit its citizens moving to the U.S.

39. Debating America’s New Role-Assessment
Which of the following was not an argument against imperialism?
(A) Foreign workers would compete for jobs against U.S. laborers.
(B) Other nations might boycott U.S. goods.
(C) Imperialism is another form of racism.
(D) Imperialism goes against the founding principles of our nation.
Which of the following was not an argument for imperialism?
(A) People with non-Western cultures would enrich and strengthen the United States.
(B) Access to foreign markets would make a stronger U.S. economy.
(C) Imperialism offered a new frontier.
(D) Expansion helped to make the United States Navy stronger.

40. Debating America’s New Role-Assessment
Which of the following was not an argument against imperialism?
(A) Foreign workers would compete for jobs against U.S. laborers.
(B) Other nations might boycott U.S. goods.
(C) Imperialism is another form of racism.
(D) Imperialism goes against the founding principles of our nation.
Which of the following was not an argument for imperialism?
(A) People with non-Western cultures would enrich and strengthen the United States.
(B) Access to foreign markets would make a stronger U.S. economy.
(C) Imperialism offered a new frontier.
(D) Expansion helped to make the United States Navy stronger.

41. QW #5 – American Interventions
React to this statement:
America has the right to intervene in the affairs of other countries.

42. Ch. 5 Section 4 Vocab Foraker Act Platt Amendment
‘big stick’ diplomacy
Panama Canal
Roosevelt Corollary
‘dollar diplomacy’
‘moral diplomacy’
Francisco “Pancho” Villa

43. U.S. Policy in Puerto Rico and Cuba
After the Spanish-American War, Puerto Rico remained under direct U.S. rule and Puerto Ricans were given some citizenship rights.
The Foraker Act established civil government in 1900
The United States also continued to have influence in Cuban government.
The U.S. Army left Cuba in 1902

44. Roosevelt Pursues Big Stick Diplomacy
Theodore Roosevelt thought it was important to take a strong stand in international affairs, and wanted the United States to act as “police” for all of Latin America.
The Roosevelt Corollary updated the Monroe Doctrine for an age of Economic Imperialism

45. Taft Pursues Dollar Diplomacy
Taft looked to continue trading with China and Latin America
Taft looked less towards ‘big stick’ diplomacy and more towards substituting dollars for bullets.

46. Wilson Pursues Moral Diplomacy
When Wilson was elected President, he criticized the imperialist actions of his predecessors.
However, under his term the United States continued to intervene in Mexico and Latin American affairs

48. Map of the Panama Isthmus

49. Building the Canal

50. The Canal Today

51. History Channel - Panama Canal
How it Works
History Channel - Panama Canal
Panama Canal.com - How it Works