1. What caused the Civil War…

2. So Far…What Attempts Had Been Made to Stop the Spread of Slavery?
Slave Trade Agreement at Constitutional Convention
-stop slave trade 20 years after ratification of Constitution
Northwest Ordinance 1787
-No slavery north of Ohio River

3. Invention of Cotton Gin
By Eli Whitney
In 1793

4. Before/After Cotton Gin (invented 1793 – Eli Whitney)
BEFORE Cotton Gin
AFTER Cotton Gin
9,000 bales
4,000,000 bales
$5 million
$191 million
RESULT: THE DEMAND FOR SLAVES
INCREASES IN THE SOUTH

5. Keeping the Balance in the Senate
Original Colonies
FREE STATES
New Hampshire
Massachusetts
Rhode Island
Connecticut
New York
New Jersey
Pennsylvania
SLAVE STATES
Delaware
Maryland
Virginia
North Carolina
South Carolina
Georgia 6 7

6. Keeping the Balance in the Senate
Original Colonies
FREE STATES
New Hampshire
Massachusetts
Rhode Island
Connecticut
New York
New Jersey
Pennsylvania
SLAVE STATES
Delaware
Maryland
Virginia
North Carolina
South Carolina
Georgia 7 6
New States
Kentucky -1792
Tennessee
Louisiana – 1812
Mississippi – 1817
Alabama
Vermont – 1791
Ohio – 1803
Indiana – 1816
Illinois 11 11

7. Keeping the Balance in the Senate
SLAVE
FREE
Original Colonies
AND New States 11 11
Compromise of Proposed By Henry Clay
Missouri
Maine 12 12

8. Keeping the Balance in the Senate
SLAVE
FREE
Original Colonies
& New States
& Compromise of 1820 12 12
Arkansas -1836
Florida – 1845
Texas
Michigan – 1837
Iowa – 1846
Wisconsin 15 15

9. 1849 Would California enter as a slave state or a free state?
What does the Missouri Compromise Line do to California?

10. Compromise of 1850
North gets California as free state
South gets Fugitive Slave Act

11. Compromise 1850 Proposed by Henry Clay -The Great Compromiser
California –Free state
New Mexico & Utah Territory- with popular sovereignty
TX and New Mexico border dispute solved (TX -$10 million)
NO slavery in Capital- (D.C.)
Fugitive Slave Law٭٭٭٭٭٭٭

12. Keeping the Balance in the Senate
SLAVE
FREE
Original Colonies
New States
Compromise of 1820 12 12
Arkansas -1836
Florida – 1845
Texas
Michigan – 1837
Iowa – 1846
Wisconsin 15 15
California 15 16

13. Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet B. Stowe 1852
rallied northern opinion against slavery and turned SLAVERY into a moral issue.
Result: the Abolitionist movement grew.

14. Remember One of the 7 Principles…Popular Sovereignty -Power from the “consent of the governed”©

15. Kansas - Nebraska Act
Overturns Missouri Compromise … “popular sovereignty” (people vote) on issue of slavery in Kansas and Nebraska Territories.
RESULT: BLEEDING KANSAS

16. Bleeding Kansas – over 200 people died in the fight to gain control of the slavery vote in Kansas. Abolitionist John Brown leads attacks in Kansas against pro-slavery settlers.

17. Douglas Won! Lincoln - Douglas Debates - 1858
Lincoln made that point that "a House Divided Could Not Stand."
Douglas still advocated “Popular Sovereignty."
Series of Seven Debates
Illinois Senate Race
First Debate Ottawa, Illinois, August 21, Second Debate Freeport, Illinois, August 27, Third Debate Jonesboro, Illinois, September 15, Fourth Debate Charleston, Illinois, September 18, Fifth Debate Galesburg, Illinois, October 7, Sixth Debate Quincy, Illinois, October 13, Seventh Debate Alton, Illinois, October 15, 1858
Douglas Won!

18. Formation of Republican Party
In 1854, the Republican Party forms to stop the spread of slavery. This sent out an alarm throughout the Deep South!

19. Dred Scott Case
Dred Scott was the slave of Dr. John Emerson, a United States Army surgeon. In 1834, Dr. Emerson took him from Missouri to live in free territories of Illinois and Wisconsin. After Emerson’s death in 1843, Scott sued the doctor’s widow for his freedom, arguing that his residence in a free state and a free territory made him free. The case reached the U.S. Supreme Court, which decided in 1857 that slaves were not citizens!
Also decided:
Congress has no right to ban slavery in a region

20. The Great John Brown
Villain? Martyr? Hero?

21. John Brown’s Raid at Harpers Ferry, VA
October of 1859

22. Lincoln Won! Election of 1860 Stephen Douglass Abe Lincoln John Bell
John C. Breckinridge

23. The South Secedes
December 20, South Carolina is the first state to secede.
March 2, Texas is the 7th state to secede
11 states in total secede

24. Mississippi - January 9, 1861 Florida - January 10, 1861
The South Secedes
Mississippi - January 9, 1861
Florida - January 10, 1861
Alabama - January 11, 1861
Georgia - January 19, 1861
Louisiana - January 26, 1861

25. Texas is the 7th Southern state to secede.
The South Secedes
March 2, 1861
Texas is the 7th Southern state to secede.

26. The South Secedes
April 17, 1861
Virginia secedes, but West Virginia breaks off and stays in the Union even though it is a slave state!

27. Arkansas - May 6, 1861 Tennessee - May 7, 1861
The South Secedes
Arkansas - May 6, 1861
Tennessee - May 7, 1861
North Carolina - May 20, 1861

28. The Confederate States
Mississippi
Virginia
Louisiana
Florida
Texas
Georgia
Tennessee
North Carolina
Arkansas
South Carolina
Alabama My
Van
Left
First To Go
NASA!

29. Border States – 5 Slaves States which did not secede from Union!
Missouri
Kentucky
West Virginia
Maryland
Delaware

31. The American Civil War 1861-1865

32. Abraham Lincoln (Republican)
th President
Civil War

33. First Inaugural Address Mar. 4,1861
President
Abraham Lincoln
First Inaugural Address Mar. 4,1861
Slavery: Lincoln stated emphatically that he had "...no purpose, directly or indirectly, to interfere with the institution of slavery in the States where it exists. I believe I have no lawful right to do so, and I have no inclination to do so."
Use of force: Lincoln promised that there would be no use of force against the South, unless it proved necessary for him to fulfill his obligation to "hold, occupy, and possess the property and places" belonging to the federal government

35. Ft. Sumter, South Carolina
April 12, 1861
First shots fired in the Civil War on April 12, 1861

36. Edmund Ruffin

37. Fort Sumter, SC 1st Shots of the Civil War April 12, 1861
Federal troops running out of supplies, Lincoln sent a supply ship
Confederates attacked the supply ship

38. Appomattox Courthouse, VA:
Lee surrenders to Grant to end the Civil War on April 9, 1865

39. Robert E. Lee Ulysses S. Grant General of Confederate Army
Rebels v. Yankees
Robert E. Lee
Ulysses S. Grant
The
Rebels
The Yankees
General of Confederate Army
General of U.S. Army

40. United States (Union)
Abraham Lincoln: Union President

41. Confederate States (Rebels)
Jefferson Davis: Confederate President

42. Other Internal Improvements Larger Population
Advantages and Disadvantages Union (North) had big advantages in almost all areas needed to fight a war.
Industry
Men
Navy
Raw Materials
Railroads
Other Internal Improvements
Larger Population
Confederates had Best Generals/Army

43. Confederate Soldier – Southern Rebels
Johnny Reb
Brown Uniforms
Home made later in the war due to shortages

44. Union Soldier – North -Yankees
Blue Uniform

45. Union Generals
McClellan Sherman Grant

46. Confederate Generals
Stewart Jackson Lee

47. Anaconda Plan April 1861 Union Plan to blockade all Southern ports.
GOAL: 1) to stop all commerce on the Mississippi River so no cotton could be exported and no war supplies imported (cotton for guns)
2) Strategy - to weaken South without invading it.
Nicknamed the Anaconda Plan because it would strangle the Confederacy the way the anaconda snake constricts its victim.

48. Antietam Bloodiest Battle of Civil War September 17, 1862
Confederates' first major invasion of the North
Union 12,000 casualties, including 2,108 killed
Confederate 2,700 soldiers were killed, and about 10,000 were wounded or missing
Inspired Lincoln to pass the Emancipation Proclamation

49. Battle of Antietam: bloodiest battle of war … inspired Lincoln to pass the Emancipation Proclamation.

50. Fighting at Antietam

52. Abe Lincoln at Antietam

54. Emancipation Proclamation: Freed slaves in the Rebel states under Union control (not border states). Inspired African Americans to fight for their freedom. Also, discouraged Europe (who were leaning against slavery) from helping the South.

55. Gettysburg Turning Point of the Civil War July 1-3, 1863
Confederates' second and last major invasion of the North
Casualties -Union23,000 Confederates- 25,000
Goal of war changed to freedom for all

56. July 4th, 1863
Vicksburg(U), Ms
UNION VICTORY
Gave Union control of the Mississippi River. Split Confederacy in half – western half could not get food and supplies to the eastern half

57. Union Gains During Civil War
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58. Fighting at Gettysburg

60. Casualties at Gettysburg

61. 1913 Veterans of Gettysburg

62. Gettysburg Address

63. Gettysburg Address
ADDRESS DELIVERED AT THE DEDICATIONOF THE CEMETERY AT GETTYSBURG
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal…
…God shall have a new birth of freedom--and that government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish from the earth.

64. Sherman’s March to the Sea - 1864
FROM ATLANTA TO SAVANNAH - November and December of 1864
200 miles of burning a 60 mile wide strip through the South
Goal to destroy enemy will and logistics and end the war as soon as possible
“shock and awe”
On the 26th of December, Sherman wrote to President Lincoln: " I beg to present to you, as a Christmas gift, the city of Savannah,”

65. Union Gains During Civil War
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66. Appomattox Courthouse, VA:
Lee surrenders to Grant to end the Civil War on April 9, 1865

67. The Andersonville Nightmare

68. The Andersonville Nightmare
The military prison at Andersonville was one of the largest Confederate military prisons during the Civil War.
During the 14 months the prison existed, more than 45,000 Union soldiers were confined here. Of these, almost 13,000 died here.

69. 54th Massachusetts
The 54th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment was one of the most celebrated regiments of black soldiers that fought in the Civil War.
Known simply as "the 54th," this regiment became famous after the heroic, but ill-fated, assault on Fort Wagner, South Carolina.
The 1989 film Glory tells the story of the 54th.

70. Philip Bazaar
Seaman Philip Bazaar, born in Chile, South America, was a Navy seaman who was awarded the United States' highest military decoration for valor in combat — the Medal of Honor— for having distinguished himself during the battle for Fort Fisher during the Civil War.

71. William Carney
William Harvey Carney was an African-American soldier during the Civil War serving with the 54th Massachusetts.
Carney was the first African American to receive the Medal of Honor.
He received the Medal Of Honor for his actions during the CW Battle of Ft. Wagner … saving the American flag and planting it on the parapet despite being wounded several times.

72. Lincoln ordered the suspension of Habeas Corpus (courts) in 1861
Lincoln said, “Must I shoot a simple-minded soldier boy who deserts while I must not touch a hair of a wily agitator who induces him to desert?” - that is how Lincoln justified Habeas Corpus

73. Appomattox Courthouse, VA:
Lee surrenders to Grant to end the Civil War on April 9, 1865

74. Manpower - Available Men Who Fought
NORTH
22 million = Total population
-11 million women
-5 million children
6 million men available to fight
3 million men fought in CW
50% of available men in the North fought for the Union

75. Manpower - Available Men Who Fought
SOUTH
10 million = Total population
- 4 million slaves
-3 million women
-1.5 million children
1.5 million men available to fight
About 1.4 million men fought in CW
90% of available men in the South fought for the Confederacy