1. Pertemuan 2 (Second Meeting)
Matakuliah : J0084 / Introduction to Management
and Business
Tahun : 2007
Versi : 1 / 3
Pertemuan 2 (Second Meeting)
Management Yesterday
and Today

2. Learning Outcome Student should be able to explain the
development Of management, and also
understand current trends and management
issues -> C3

3. Learning Outline Historical Background of Management
Scientific Management
General Administrative Theory
Quantitative Approach
Toward Understanding Organizational
Behavior
The System Approach
The Contingency Approach
Currents Trends and Issues

4. 1. Historical Background of Management
Management Theories
Historical
Back
Ground
Scientific
Management
Quantitative
Approach
System
Approach
General
Administrative
Theory
Organizational
Behavior
Contingency
Approach
Early Example Of
Management
Early
Advocates
Adam Smith
Hawthorne
Studies
Industrial
Revolution

5. 2. Scientific Management
a. Frederick W.Taylor
Develop a science for each element of an individual’s work, which will replace the old rule of thumb method
Scientifically select and then train, teach, and develop the worker
Heartily cooperate with the workers so as to ensure that all work is done in accordance with the principles of the science that has been developed
Divide work and responsibility almost equally between management and workers.

6. b. Frank Gilbreth c. Lilian Gilbreth
Studied work to eliminate inefficient hand-and
-body motions.
Invented a device called a microchronometer.

7. 2. General Administrative Theory
a. Henry Fayol
Fayol’s Principle of Management:
Division of work
Authority
Discipline
Unity of command
Unity of direction
Subordination of individual interests to the general interest
Remuneration
Centralization
Scalar chain
Order
Equity
Stability of tenure of personnel
Initiative
Esprit de corps

8. b. Max Weber
Weber’s Ideal Bureaucracy:
Division of labor
Authority hierarchy
Formal Selection
Formal rules and regulation
Impersonality
Career orientation

9. 3. Quantitative Approach to Management
Robert Mc.Namara
Charles “Tex” Thornton
Involves the use of quantitative techniques
to improve decision making.
This approach has been called:
Operation research or Management science
Using statistical method & quantitative models
Linear programming - to improve resource
allocation decisions
3) Economic Order Quantity (EOQ)

10. 4. Toward Understanding Organizational Behavior
a. Early Advocates:
Robert Owen
Hugo Munsterberg
Mary Parker Follert
Chester Barnard
b. The Hawthorne Studies

11. Transformation Process Output Input
5. The Systems Approach
Environment
System
Transformation
Process
Output
Input
Raw Materials
Human
resources
Capital
Technology
Information
Employees’ work
activities
Management
Technology and
operation methods
Products and
services
Financial
results
Information
Human
Feedback
Environment

12. 6. The Contingency Approach
Organization Size
Routineness of Task Technology
Environmental Uncertainty
Individual Differences

13. 7. Current Trends and Issues
Globalization
Ethics
Workforce Diversity
Entrepreneurship
Managing In an E-Business World
Knowledge Management and Learning
Organization
Quality Management