1. Sentence Rules Types of Sentences

2. Capitalization Remember
every sentence must start with a capital letter (ABC not abc).
only proper names (Sally, Seoul, Pacific Ocean) and the word “I” should be capital.

3. Capitalization Practice
Which words should be capitalized?
my friend and i are going to visit hyeundae beach in busan with david

4. Capitalization Practice
My friend and I are going to visit Hyeundae beach in Busan with David.

5. Ending Punctuation
Every sentence must end with one of the following types of punctuation:
A full stop - also called a period (.)
A question mark (?)
An exclamation mark (!)

6. Three types of sentences
Before we begin, here is a quick preview of the three types of sentences we will study.
Simple:
John studies English.
Compound:
John studies English, and Sarah helps him.
Complex:
John enjoys his lessons because Sarah is a good tutor.
Because Sarah is a good tutor, John enjoys his lessons.

7. Sentence Basics: Clauses
Independent Clause (IC)
Dependent Clause (DC)
has a subject and a verb
is a complete thought.
used as a simple sentence
John is hungry.
John eats lunch.
has a subject and a verb
starts with a subordinate conjunction (because, after, when, etc.)
not a complete thought
can’t be a sentence
When John is hungry.
After he eats lunch.

8. What is a simple sentence?
A simple sentence must:
have a subject
(always a noun: a person, place or thing)
and verb
be a complete thought
A simple sentence is also known as an independent clause.

9. Find the independent clauses
Hana travelled to Africa.
She took many great pictures.
After she returned to Korea.
Because she missed her friends.
She really enjoyed looking at the pictures with her friends.

10. Find the independent clauses
Hana travelled to Africa. (IC)
She took many great pictures. (IC)
After she returned to Korea. (DC)
Because she missed her friends. (DC)
She really enjoyed looking at the pictures with her friends. (IC)

11. Compound Sentences
combine two or more simple sentences (also known as independent clauses)
use coordinating conjunctions (next slide)
Compound: IC + IC
John studies English, and Sarah helps him.

12. Coordinating Conjunctions
used to combine two or more simple sentence (IC)
remember FANBOYS:
For
And
Nor
But Or
Yet So

13. Combing Sentences with FANBOYS
Use comma (,) + FANBOYS between the simple sentences
(IC) + , FANBOYS + (IC).
The class meets everyday at 3pm, and the students are all excited to practice English.

14. Compound Sentence Examples
Hana visited Africa, and she took many pictures.
She enjoyed the trip, but she missed her friends.
John will study English this summer, or his family will go on a trip.
John loves English, so he wants to stay at home and study.

15. Compound Sentence Practice
Combine the sentences using FANBOYS.
Sally loves to cook.
Sue also enjoys cooking.
_________________________________
So Hee wants to travel to America.
She studies English.

16. Compound Sentence Practice
Sally loves to cook.
Sue also enjoys cooking.
Sally loves to cook, and Sue also enjoys cooking.
So Hee wants to travel to America.
She studies English.
So Hee wants to travel to America, so she studies English.

17. Compound Sentence Practice
Hana likes movies.
Bill likes TV dramas.
________________________________
Hana will travel to her hometown.
Her friends will visit her in Paris.
_________________________________

18. Compound Sentence Practice
Hana likes movies.
Bill likes TV dramas.
Hana likes movies, but Bill likes TV dramas.
Hana will travel to her hometown.
Her friends will visit her in Paris.
Hana will travel to her hometown, or her friends will visit her in Paris.

19. Other Uses of FANBOYS
FANBOYS can also combine parts of a sentence, but these are NOT compound sentences.
(S + FANBOYS + S) V.
The teacher and the students meet at 3pm.
S (V + FANBOYS + V).
The students speak and write in English everyday.

20. Other uses for FANBOYS So Hee studies English.
Combine only the subject or verbs with FANBOYS.
So Hee studies English.
She works part-time at Starbucks.
___________________________________.
Sally loves to cook.
Sue also enjoys cooking.

21. Other uses for FANBOYS
So Hee studies English.
She works part-time at Starbucks.
So Hee studies English and works part-time at Starbucks. S (V + V).
Sally loves to cook.
Sue also enjoys cooking.
Sally and Sue love to cook. (S + S) V.

22. Complex Sentences
Subordinate conjunctions can combine simple sentences into complex sentences.
Example subordinate conjunctions:
before, after, while, because, if, as, although, etc.
Hana returned to Korea.
She missed her friends.
Hana returned to Korea because she missed her friends.

23. Complex Sentences
Complex sentences have at least one dependent clause (DC) and one independent clause (IC).
independent clause is more important than the dependent clause
the dependent clause begins with the subordinate conjunction

24. Which clause is more important?
Hana returned to Korea because she missed her friends.
Although my friend invited me to a party, I don’t want to go.

25. Which clause is more important?
Hana returned to Korea because she missed her friends.
IC > DC.
Although my friend invited me to a party, I don’t want to go.
DC, < IC.

26. Complex sentence structure
Which is the independent clause?
I will quit my job if I win the lottery.
If I win the lottery, I will quit my job.

27. Complex sentence structure
Which is the independent clause?
I will quit my job if I win the lottery.
If I win the lottery, I will quit my job.
IC + DC.
DC, + IC. (use a comma if the DC is first)

28. Complex Sentence Practice
Combine the following simple sentences into complex sentences using subordinate conjunctions.
I have to study. My test is tomorrow.
Hana enjoys Korean food. She can’t eat spicy food.

29. Complex Sentence Practice
I have to study. My test is tomorrow.
I have to study because my test is tomorrow.
Hana enjoys Korean food. She can’t eat spicy food.
Although Hana enjoys Korean food, she can’t eat spicy food.

30. Review: 3 types of sentences
Simple: Independent Clause [IC]
John studies English.
Compound: 2 simple sentences [IC + IC]
John studies English, and Sarah helps him.
Complex: Independent clause + dependent clause [(IC + DC) or (DC, + IC)]
John enjoys his lessons because Sarah is a good tutor.
Because Sarah is a good tutor, John enjoys his lessons.

31. Show what you learned!
Now that you have finished the lesson, go take the review test!
The score will not be used for your grade, but do your best.