1. Kingdom Animalia

2. Classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Animalia
Cell Type: Eukaryotic/Animal
Cell Number: Multicellular
Mode of Feeding: Heterotrophic
Carnivore (eat other animals)
Herbivore (eat only plants)
Omnivore (eat other animals and plants)
Detritivore (scavenger, “lazy carnivores”)
Reproduction: Sexual
Oviparous – lays eggs
Viviparous – gives birth to live young
Special Features: Advanced nervous systems means cephalization (faces), brains, and motile (walk/run/swim/grab)

3. Animal Organization Cell Specialization
Cells are adapted for one job (digestion, transport, etc.)
Cell Differentiation
Cells look different from one another (muscle vs. skin cell)
Body Organization
Cells  Tissues  Organs  Organ Systems  Organism
Heart cell + other heart cells  Heart tissue + other heart tissue  Heart + veins/arteries  Cardiovascular system + other systems  Human

4. Animal Organization (cont’d)
Asymmetry
no set structure to the organism (draw one)
Radial symmetry
Cut in half anywhere (like a pie) and both halves look the same (draw one)
Bilateral
Cut in half at one place and both halves look the same (draw one)

5. Animal Classification
Vertebrates
Animals with a notochord (backbone)
Only one phylum- Chordata
Invertebrates
Animals with no notochord (backbone)
Lots of phyla - Most animals are invertebrates

6. Animal Reproduction
Sexual with sperm (male) and eggs (female). Sperm + Egg = Zygote  Embryo  Fetus
The more advanced the animals, the more complicated sexual reproduction
Some animals exhibit metamorphosis in their life cycles
Complete metamorphosis – juvenile hatches as a larvae (ex: tadpole or caterpillar) and then develops into an adult that looks very different (ex: frog or butterfly)
Incomplete metamorphosis – juvenile hatches as a nymph, which is just a smaller version of the adult

7. Animal Evolution – first to last
Invertebrates
Simplest Animals – Porifera (Sponges)
Asymmetrical; aquatic; filter feeders; sessile (do not move as adults); hermaphroditic (both male and female)
Nerves Evolve – Cnidaria (Jellyfish and Anemones)
Radial symmetry; aquatic; some sessile, some motile; specialized tissues for feeding and movement
Organ systems evolve – Nematoda, Annelida, Platyhelminthes (all Worms)
Bilateral symmetry; aquatic or terrestrial (land); motile; digestive and simple nervous systems
Cephalization (faces), Skeletons, and nervous systems evolve - Echinodermata (Starfish and Urchins), Mollusca (Clams, Octopus, Squid), and Arthropoda (Insects, Crabs, and Lobsters)
Bilateral or radial symmetry; aquatic or terrestrial; motile; digestive, circulatory, and sometimes complex nervous systems; insects are most common animals

8. Animal Evolution- first to last (cont’d)
Vertebrates
Backbones and complex brain systems evolve – Chordata (Vertebrates)
Separated into five major classes – Fishes, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves (birds), and Mammalia
Backbone allows for most complex brains; bilateral symmetry; specialized sensory organs (eyes, ears, antennae, etc); highly organized bodies
Mammals are considered “dominant”; especially humans

9. Porifera - Sponges

10. Cnidaria – Jellies and Anemones

11. Worms (Nematoda, Platyhelminthes, and Annelida)

12. Echinodermata – Seastars and Urchins

13. Mollusca – Clams, Snails, Octopuses, & Squid

14. Arthropoda – insects and crustaceans

15. Chordata – Vertebrates Class 1 - Fish

16. Class 2 - Amphibia

17. Class 3 - Reptilia

18. Class 4 – Aves (birds)

19. Class 5 - Mammalia

20. Special Animal Characteristics
Animal Homeostasis
Ectotherm – Cold blooded (internal temperature changes with environment; lay in sun when cold, seek shade when hot)
Endotherm – Warm blooded (special adaptations to keep internal temp the same despite the environment; shiver when cold, sweat or pant when hot)
Cnidarian
Body Plan
Polyp- attached (draw)
Medusa- Free floating (draw)
Special Cell
Nematocyst – stinging cell

21. Special Animal Characteristics (cont’d)
Chordata – Fishes
Bony or cartilaginous (sharks)
Chordata – Mammals
Live birth and mammary glands
Marsupials – mammals with pouches
Monotremes – rare mammals that lay eggs
Animal Behavior
Nocturnal – active at night; have adaptations (like large eyes) to live in the dark
Diurnal – active during the day