1. Compressed Baryonic Matter at FAIR & how the CBM and HADES collaborations want to contribute
Joachim Stroth
Goethe University Frankfurt / GSI
FAIR-France
Orsay, France, May 2017

2. The QCD phase diagram Open questions: Origin of mass?
Courtesy of K. Fukushima & T. Hatsuda
Open questions:
Origin of mass?
Nature of confinement?
Role of condensates?
Lattice QCD
sign problem
Experiment
finite size and lifetime
FAIR FRANCE . Compressed Baryonic Matter, Orsay, France - Joachim Stroth
May 17-18, 2017

3. CBM - “nomen est omen” - Cloudy Bag Model ;)
A lot already understood about nucleons and their excitations from (lattice) QCD:
Confinement of light quarks nothing to do with flux tubes. Rather appears because the condensates are suppressed between the valence quarks.
Resonance properties in the soft regime substantially driven by cloud-meson core final state interaction.
L. Karatidis et al., arXiv:
J. M. M. Hall et al., arXiv:
Chiral symmetry restoration
in-medium 𝑎 1 /𝜌 spectral functions go degenerate. Trends seen like conjectured by Rapp/Hohler.
H. Meyer et al. arXiv: & INPC2016
Likely no generation of mass without confinement.
What does it take, to force the quarks forming a giant bubble?
Chiral Perturbation Theory:
Provides prediction for chiral order parameter a.f.o. baryon density
Sees strong repulsion (at low to moderate temperatures.
J.W. Holt, M. Rho, W. Weise arXiv
FAIR FRANCE . Compressed Baryonic Matter, Orsay, France - Joachim Stroth
May 17-18, 2017

4. HADES contribution to the energy scan (+ FAIR Phase-0)
VDM in radiative baryon-resonance decays p n γ* π- ρ
Regeneration of resonances!
“Thermal” production rates of strange hadrons.
Higher moments of (net-)proton e-b-e multiplicity
HADES
preliminary
FAIR FRANCE . Compressed Baryonic Matter, Orsay, France - Joachim Stroth
May 17-18, 2017

5. Heavy-ion collisions at SIS100 energies
Nearly complete stopping leads to baryon-rich matter in the overlap zone.
Generally shorter lifetime and larger densities as beam energy goes from 1 to 10 A GeV.
Substantial ‘heating’ of the pion cloud.
5 A GeV
10 A GeV
I.C. Arsene et al., Phys. Rev. C 75, (2007)
FAIR FRANCE . Compressed Baryonic Matter, Orsay, France - Joachim Stroth
May 17-18, 2017

6. Physics addressed by CBM
The QCD Equation-of-State
Collective behavior (flow)
Multi-strange baryons
Search for novel phases and 1st order phase transition
e-b-e observables (higher-moments)
Excitation function of hadron multiplicities and virtual photons
Path to restoration of chiral symmetry
High-precision invariant mass distributions low- and intermediate mass range
Strange matter
(Double-) lambda hyper-nuclei
Meta-stable objects (e.g. strange di-baryons)
Charm production (and propagation) at threshold
Open-charm in pp, pA
Backward production in pA (RpA)
… and likely any new idea to come
FAIR FRANCE . Compressed Baryonic Matter, Orsay, France - Joachim Stroth
May 17-18, 2017

7. Virtual photons as diagnostic tool for the phase diagram
Yield in low-mass window tracks fireball lifetime:
Measure excitation function of r spectral function.
Search for anomalous fireball lifetime around phase transition & CP.
Intermediate mass slope:,
Measure Tslope (note, Tslope < Tinitial) ”caloric curve”
Plateau around onset of deconfinement? (see e.g. M. D’Agostino et al. NPA 749 (2005) 5533)
CBM simulations
Au+Au 20A GeV
: If nature was kind!
FAIR FRANCE . Compressed Baryonic Matter, Orsay, France - Joachim Stroth
May 17-18, 2017

8. The CBM strategy … Modern CMOS camera ... Galilei‘s telescope ...
... and a picture you can take witht on any clear night‘s sky.
... and his drawing of the moon.

9. …. [ CMOS in CBM ] …. CBM micro vertex detector (MVD) will use MAPS.
More than 10 years of joint R&D activity with Marc Winter’s group (ILC, STAR, ALICE, CBM).
Background suppression for di-electron measurements
Determination of secondary vertices of open charm decays (τ = s)
Improved tracking for hyperon-ID
FAIR FRANCE . Compressed Baryonic Matter, Orsay, France - Joachim Stroth
May 17-18, 2017

10. … and the challenges. AGS e+e- μ+μ-
needs extremely high rates and precision!
high
net-baryon densities
AGS
e+e-
μ+μ-
FAIR FRANCE . Compressed Baryonic Matter, Orsay, France - Joachim Stroth

11. The CBM strategy 105 - 107 Au+Au reactions/sec
determination of displaced vertices (σ  50 m)
identification of leptons and hadrons
fast and radiation hard detectors and FEE
free-streaming readout electronics
high speed data acquisition and online event selection
4-D event reconstruction 11 11 11

12. Experimental requirements
Transition
Radiation
Detector
Ring
Imaging
Cherenkov
Time of Flight
Detector
Silicon
Tracking
System
Dipol
Magnet
HADES
p+p, p+A
A+A (low mult.)
Micro
Vertex
Detector
Experimental requirements
Muon
Detector
Projectile
Spectator
Detector
DAQ/FLES HPC cluster

13. Hadron measurements Time of Flight Detector Silicon Tracking Dipol
System
Dipol
Magnet
Hadron measurements
DAQ/FLES HPC cluster
Projectile
Spectator
Detector
Hyperons and
hypernuclei
in central
Au+Au collisions at 10A GeV
ΛK-

14. Hadron measurements Time of Flight Detector Silicon Tracking System
Dipol
Magnet
Micro
Vertex
Detector
Hadron measurements
DAQ/FLES HPC cluster
Projectile
Spectator
Detector
Hyperons with neutral daughtern central
Au+Au collisions at 10A GeV

15. Open charm measurements
Time of Flight
Detector
Silicon
Tracking
System
Dipol
Magnet
Micro
Vertex
Detector
Open charm measurements
DAQ/FLES HPC cluster
Projectile
Spectator
Detector
Open Charmn p+A
30 GeV and Ni+Ni
15A GeV
FAIR FRANCE . Compressed Baryonic Matter, Orsay, France - Joachim Stroth
May 17-18, 2017

16. Au+Au collisions at 8A GeV
Transition
Radiation
Detector
Time of Flight
Detector
Silicon
Tracking
System
Ring
Imaging
Cherenkov
Dipol
Magnet
Micro
Vertex
Detector
Di-electron measurements
e+e-
Projectile
Spectator
Detector
DAQ/FLES HPC cluster
Dileptonsn central
Au+Au collisions at 8A GeV

17. Di-muon measurements Transition Time of Flight Radiation Silicon
Detector
Time of Flight
Detector
Silicon
Tracking
System
Dipol
Magnet
Di-muon measurements
Muon
Detector
DAQ/FLES HPC cluster
Projectile
Spectator
Detector
µ+µ- ω φ η ρ
Di-muonsn central
Au+Au collisions at
8A GeV and
10A GeV (J/ψ)
J/ψµ+µ-

18. CBM FAIR Phase-0 experiments
430 MAPMTs
Install, commission and use 430 out of 1100 CBM RICH multi-anode photo-multipliers (MAPMT) n HADES RICH photon detector
BES-II
Install, commission and use 10% of the CBM TOF modulesncluding read-out chain at STAR/RHIC (BES II 2019/2020)
Read
out
Exist. RICH
collider vertex
(~250 cm)
100 cm
fixed target pos.
(~500 cm)
CBM MRPC active area
CBM electronics
FAIR FRANCE . Compressed Baryonic Matter, Orsay, France - Joachim Stroth
May 17-18, 2017

19. CBM FAIR Phase-0 experiments
CBM AT JINR
Install, commission and use 4 Silicon tracking layers and the Project Spectator as forward detector Nuclotronn JINR/Dubna
(Au-beams up to 4.5 A GeVn 2018/19)
mCBM at SIS18
Full system test with high-rate nucleus-nucleus collisions from 2017 – 2020 and no magnetic field, system test only
SIS18 beams
FAIR FRANCE . Compressed Baryonic Matter, Orsay, France - Joachim Stroth
May 17-18, 2017

20. Upgrades until 2018
ECAL: Electromag. calorimeter replacing the pre-shower
RICH-UV: MAPMT UV photon readout for the RICHn cooperation with CBM.
STS:
Forward straw trackers for exclusive reconstructionn cooperation with PANDA
F-TOF:
Time-of-flight behind the STS to provide momentum.
MDC-FEE:
Multi-hit high bandwidth drift-chamber readout.
DAQ-200 (2019)
Readout with 200 kHz
FAIR FRANCE . Compressed Baryonic Matter, Orsay, France - Joachim Stroth
May 17-18, 2017

21. Mini-drift Chambers Upgrade
Adapt the HADES tracking system to the expected intensities & occupancies at SIS100
Aging prevention: Inert gas mixture Ar/CO2
FEE upgrade: provide multi-hit TDC and increase bandwidth

22. HADES Program
Electromagnetic structure of baryonsn the time-like region
Strangenessn (baryonic, non-strange) resonances
Excitation spectrum of strange resonance
Microscopic structure of dense and hot matter
Signs for exotic properties of dense baryonic matter
𝝅,𝒑→𝑷𝑬
𝝅,𝒑→𝑨
𝑨→𝑨
SIS18
HADES High-rate, large acceptance spectrometer; Dileptons; Forward Detection System; EM calorimeter!

23. Next steps 2018-2022 FAIR Phase-0 in 2024 Start of CBM Operation
Continuation of measurements with HADES
Contribution to the STAR BES-II (Emphasis on fixed target program) and
Start training First Level Event Selection at mCBM
in Start of CBM Operation
First SIS100 beam on CBM Target
HADES at SIS100 for reference measurements (mainly pA)
2025 on Design Operation of FAIR
FAIR FRANCE . Compressed Baryonic Matter, Orsay, France - Joachim Stroth
May 17-18, 2017

24. The CBM Collaboration: 58 institutions, 496 members
Croatia:
Split Univ.
China:
CCNU Wuhan
Tsinghua Univ.
USTC Hefei
CTGU Yichang
Czech Republic:
CAS, Rez
Techn. Univ.Prague
France:
IPHC Strasbourg
Hungary:
KFKI Budapest
Budapest Univ.
Germany:
Darmstadt TU
FAIR
Frankfurt Univ. IKF
Frankfurt Univ. FIAS Frankfurt Univ. ICS
GSI Darmstadt
Giessen Univ.
Heidelberg Univ. P.I.
Heidelberg Univ. ZITI
HZ Dresden-Rossendorf
KIT Karlsruhe
Münster Univ.
Tübingen Univ.
Wuppertal Univ.
ZIB Berlin
India:
Aligarh Muslim Univ.
Bose Inst. Kolkata
Panjab Univ.
Rajasthan Univ.
Univ. of Jammu
Univ. of Kashmir
Univ. of Calcutta
B.H. Univ. Varanasi
VECC Kolkata
IOP Bhubaneswar
IIT Kharagpur
IIT Indore
Gauhati Univ.
Korea:
Pusan Nat. Univ.
Poland:
AGH Krakow
Jag. Univ. Krakow
Silesia Univ. Katowice
Warsaw Univ.
Warsaw TU
Romania:
NIPNE Bucharest
Univ. Bucharest
Russia:
IHEP Protvino
INR Troitzk
ITEP Moscow
Kurchatov Inst., Moscow
LHEP, JINR Dubna
LIT, JINR Dubna
MEPHI Moscow
Obninsk Univ.
PNPI Gatchina
SINP MSU, Moscow
St. Petersburg P. Univ.
Ioffe Phys.-Tech. Inst. St. Pb.
Ukraine:
T. Shevchenko Univ. Kiev
Kiev Inst. Nucl. Research
FAIR FRANCE . Compressed Baryonic Matter, Orsay, France - Joachim Stroth
May 17-18, 2017

25. The HADES Collaboration
Institute of Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
LIP-Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas , Coimbra, Portugal
Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University of Cracow, Cracow, Poland
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
Institut für Strahlenphysik, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
Joint Institute of Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Germany
Excellence Cluster 'Origin and Structure of the Universe' , Garching, Germany
Physik Department E62, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
II.Physikalisches Institut, Justus Liebig Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany
Forschungszentrum Juelich, Juelich, Germany
Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russia
Department of Physics, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
Institut de Physique Nucléaire, CNRS-IN2P3, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay Cedex, France
Nuclear Physics Institute, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Rez, Czech Republic
LabCAF. F. Física, Univ. de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
FAIR FRANCE . Compressed Baryonic Matter, Orsay, France - Joachim Stroth
May 17-18, 2017