1. THE ENLIGTENMENT

2. Enlightenment
In the 1700’s W. European thinkers began to apply Rationality and Objectivity to Human Society

3. Enlightenment Philosophes = Philosopher
Salons- places where the nobility had parties w/ the Philosophers
Philosophes = Philosopher

5. John Locke Government is a deal (Social Contract)
All governments should provide “Life, Liberty, and Property”
Bad government should be overthrown

6. John Locke
Second Treatise on Civil Government, 1690.

7. “Rulers receive the right to govern from the people.”
“Men have not only a right to get out of a failed government, but to prevent it.”
LOCKE

8. Montesquieu-Spirit of the Law
Separation of Powers
Legislature- makes laws
Executive- enforces laws
Judiciary-judges laws Checks and Balances

9. MONTESQUIEU
“Again, there is no liberty, if the power of judging be not separated from the legislative and executive powers.”

10. Freedom of Speech, religion, reason, tolerance
VOLTAIRE
Reason
Deism: God is Nature
Freedom of Religion
Freedom of Speech, religion, reason, tolerance

11. Letters Concerning the English Nation- 1726

12. “I disagree with what you say, however I shall defend to the death your right to say it.”
“All men should be treated as equals and have freedom of speech and the press.”
VOLTAIRE

13. Jean Jacques Rousseau
Civilization corrupts people’s natural goodness
Governments should rule by General Will
Democracy
The Social
Contract

14. ROUSSEAU
“Through this Social Contract, man maintains as many of the freedoms he received from nature as possible.”

15. Adam Smith Laissez-Faire economics “The invisible hand” Capitalism
Supply and demand
The Wealth of Nations

16. Adam Smith
“Without government inference] the obvious and simple system of natural liberty establishes itself of its own accord. “

17. Mary Wollstonecraft Women’s Equality-
A Vindication of the Rights of Women

18. Mary Wollstonecraft
“To render [make] mankind more virtuous, and happier of course, both sexes must act from the same principle;… women must be allowed to found their virtue on knowledge, which is scarcely possible unless they be educated by the same pursuits [studies] as men”