1. Fainting

2. Fainting
 Fainting is the temporary loss of consciousness followed by the return to full wakefulness.

3. Causes of Fainting Heart fails to pump the blood
The blood vessels don't have enough tone to maintain blood pressure to deliver the blood to the brain
There is not enough blood or fluid within the blood vessels
Dehydration

4. Treatment ABC Lay the person flat on his or her back.
Elevate the person's legs to restore blood flow to the brain.
Loosen tight clothing.

5. Impaired Consciousness

6. Unconsciousness
 Unconsciousness is when a person is unable to respond to people and activities

7. AVPU scale Check for casualty’s level of response A-alert V-voice
Able to answer questions and follow commands
V-voice
Response to voice prompt
P-pain
Casualty is responsive to pain stimulus
(trapezes squeeze)
U-unresponsive
Immediately call 995 ambulance

8. Causes of Unconsciousness
Any major illness or injury
Substance abuse and alcohol use

9. How to Treat Unconsciousness
ABC
Lay the person flat on his or her back.
Elevate the person's legs to restore blood flow to the brain.
Loosen tight clothing.

10. How to Treat Unconsciousness
Do NOT give an unconscious person any food or drink.
Do NOT leave the person alone.
Do NOT place a pillow under the head of an unconscious person.
Do NOT slap an unconscious person's face or splash water on the face to try to revive him.

11. What is Shock?
Shock is a life-threatening condition that occurs when the circulatory system fails and vital organs are deprived of oxygen.
It requires immediate emergency treatment to prevent permanent organ damage and death.

12. Causes of Shock Severe loss of body fluids Heart attacks Infections
Lack of certain hormones
Low blood sugar
Severe allergic reaction
Drug overdose
Spinal cord injury
Hypothermia

13. Signs and Symptoms of Shock
Pale, cold, clammy skins; sweating
Slow capillary refill
Weakness or dizziness
Nausea
Thirst
Rapid, shallow breathing

14. Types of Shock Neurogenic Shock Cardiogenic Shock
Injury or trauma to the nervous system
Cardiogenic Shock
Damage to heart muscle; heart unable to pump effectively

15. Types of Shock Haemorrhagic Shock Anaphylactic Shock
Severe bleeding or loss of body fluid from trauma, burns, surgery, or dehydration from severe nausea and vomiting
Anaphylactic Shock
Results from reaction to substance to which patient is hypersensitive or allergic

16. How to treat Shock
Treat any possible cause of shock that is diagnosed.
Lay casualty on ground
Elevate legs to improve blood circulation
Loosen tight clothing at the neck, chest and waist area to reduce constriction.
Keep casualty warm by covering he/her body with coats or blankets.