1. The French and Indian War (The Seven Years’ War)
US/AZ History
Poston Butte High School
Unit 2.1

2. The French and Indian War
Main Idea
The French and Indian War established British dominance in North America but put a strain on the relationship with the colonists
Lecture Focus
How did France develop and empire in N. America?
What were the causes of the French and Indian War?
What were the effects of the French and Indian War on American colonists? Native Americans? British?

3. France in North America
1608- Champlain (explorer) started permanent French Settlement at Quebec
Champlain made allies of Algonquin and Huron natives in the area to protect the fur trade.
French helped their allies against the Mohawks
French traders lived in Native American villages, learned languages, married local women
Map of New France (Champlain, 1612)

4. North America- 1750

5. The French and Indian War
The French and Indian War ( ) became part of a larger war between France and Britain, The Seven Years’ War.
The Sides
The French and their Native Allies
The British and their Native Allies
V.S.

6. Causes of the French and Indian War
French controlled the Ohio River Valley
English Colonists continued to move further west.
English colonists moved into land controlled by Native allies of French, forced them out.
French native allies would raid English settlements.
Basically, just looking for a reason to fight

7. Causes of the French and Indian War
Tensions between Native tribes causes different tribes to take sides
The Huron and Ottawa
The Iroquois League
French Allies
British Allies

8. The Iroquois League
Alliance of Native Americans that were allied with Britain (Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca, and Tuscarora)
The alliance had a constitution and a council of leaders
Traditional allies of the French, but didn’t want to take sides until it was clear which side was winning
British secured the support of the Iroquois League through bribes and gifts

9. The Albany Congress & The Albany Plan of Union 1754
British officials believed war with France was imminent
Urged colonial leaders to prepare for common defense
Held in Albany in the Spring of 1754
Meeting between native leaders, colonial officials, and representatives from 7 of the British Colonies
The Albany Plan of Union
Proposed by Benjamin Franklin
Provisions of the plan
Each colony would keep its own constitution, while a grand council would deal with military issues, Native American relations, and Western Settlement
Was Never Approved!!
Historical Significance: Was the first attempt to unite the colonies into one social, economic, military, and political entity

11. Fighting Begins Fort Duquesne Fort Necessity
French fort built near present day Pittsburgh
British attempt to take, which is the first major action of F & I war
British lose miserably, retreat to Ft. Necessity
Fort Necessity
Built out of need to house supplies for English troops
Washington tried to hold against French
Miserable loss for England, Washington surrenders
Washington claimed he was protecting the supplies of ammunition and rum from his own men whom he called “loose and idle”

12. British-American Colonial Tensions Ignite During the War
Colonials
British
March in formation or bayonet charge.
Methods of Fighting:
Indian-style guerilla tactics.
Military Organization:
Colonial militias served under own captains.
British officers wanted to take charge of colonials.
Military Discipline:
No military deference or protocols observed.
Drills & tough discipline.
Colonists should pay for their own defense.
Finances:
Resistance to rising taxes.
Demeanor:
Prima Donna British officers with servants & tea settings.
Casual, non-professionals.

13. The War Continues
The first years of the war went badly for the British. The French won battle after battle.
British officers in America:
Forced colonists into the army
Seized supplies
Sent soldiers to stay in colonists’ houses
When colonists resisted these actions, more British soldiers were sent from England to fight in the war.
In 1758, the British began winning the war. 13

14. The Treaty of Paris (1763)
Treaty formally ended the war in Europe and the French & Indian War in North America.
Britain gained all French land east of the Mississippi River, including much of what is now Canada. 14

15. Effects of the War on Britain?
1. It increased her colonial empire in the Americas.
2. It greatly enlarged England’s debt, totally around 130 million British Pounds..
Members of Parliament, including Prime Minister Greenville, believed that colonists should have to pay some of the debt incurred from the war, seeing that the colonists benefitted from the French expulsion from North America.
Greenville also believed colonists should pay for the standing army Britain kept in America, meaning soldiers’ salaries would be paid by the colonists.
Therefore, England felt that a major reorganization of her American Empire was necessary!

16. Effects of the War on the American Colonials
It united them against a common enemy for the first time.
It created a socializing experience for all the colonials who participated.
It created bitter feelings towards the British that would only intensify.

17. Effects of the War: Proclamation of 1763
Reserved the land west of the Appalachian Mountains for Native Americans to prevent further disputes and violence between settlers & Indians
Gave British officials control of westward migration
British increase colonial taxes to pay for British troops patrolling the line
Not widely enforced due to bribery and lack of numbers of troops for enforcement
Slowed movement out of cities that were centers of trade and prosperity 17