1. Conditions of the Respiratory System

2. Respiratory Conditions
Pulmonology – study of diseases of the lungs and respiratory tract
Hypoxia – inadequate oxygen delivery to body tissues, causes cyanosis (bluish-tone of skin)

3. Upper Respiratory Tract Infection
Includes things like the common cold, sinusitis, tonsillitis, and laryngitis
Symptoms include nasal congestion, cough, running nose, sore throat, fever, facial pressure, and sneezing

5. Lung Cancer 1/3 of all cancer deaths in the US
Very low survival rate, because usually not caught until very advanced
Growth usually occurs in the bronchial tree
Problem with smoking…
Kills off cilia that cleans & moves mucus out of airway
Mucus collects
Traps carcinogens from cigarettes

9. COPD Characterized by limited airflow
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Characterized by limited airflow
Symptoms include coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath (dyspnea)
Usually have a history of smoking, but can also be caused by other inhalants (coal, asbestos, air pollution)

10. COPD
Patients retain carbon dioxide, meaning blood becomes slightly acidic
Usually results in respiratory failure
Two major types (there are other types, but these are the most common)…

12. Emphysema
Characterized by breakdown of elastin in connective tissue of lungs
Leads to destruction of alveolar walls
Lungs become less elastic, which makes it difficult to exhale

14. Chronic Bronchitis Characterized by inflammation of the bronchi
Mucosa lining of lower respiratory passages become inflamed and produces excess mucus, which leads to blockage
Symptoms include persistent coughing with sputum, cyanosis very common

16. Acute Bronchitis Caused by virus or bacteria Only last days/weeks
Symptoms same as chronic bronchitis

18. Pneumonia
Characterized by: Inflammatory illness of the lungs, alveoli become filled with fluid
Varied causes, including bacteria, virus, fungi, chemical, & physical
Often diagnosed with chest x- ray

20. Asthma
Characterized by airways constricting due to trigger (exposure to allergens, pollutants, cold air, warm air, moist air, exercise, or emotional stress)
Symptoms include wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing
Scientists believe cause is combination of genetics and environment
Inhalers act as bronchodilator

22. Sleep Apnea Characterized by pauses of breathing during sleep
5 or more events, lasting at least 10 seconds each
Caused by blockage of the airways due to causes such as decreased muscle tone, increased soft tissue around airway (obesity), and structural features (deviated septum, enlarged tonsils)

23. Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
Competes with oxygen for same binding sites on hemoglobin
Binds VERY easily, and so it pushes out oxygen
Leading cause of death from fire
Victim usually becomes confused, has headache, and blushing of skin

24. 1 in 20 people are unaffected carriers!
Cystic Fibrosis
Cystic Fibrosis is a recessive genetic disease that effects both the digestive and respiratory system.
Abnormally thick mucus gets stuck in many places. Most commonly in the lungs & pancreatic duct
Symptoms can include persistent coughing, shortness of breath and frequent upper respiratory infections.
1 in 20 people are unaffected carriers!

25. Cystic Fibrosis Easily diagnosable with a sweat test
Treatment for the GI tract involves taking digestive enzymes before eating.
Treatment for the lungs is called CPT, Chest Physiotherapy.
A light clapping of the chest, back, and under the arms to loosen mucus in the lungs