1. Historical Evolution of Transportation
Concept 1
Historical Evolution of Transportation
Copyright © , Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.

2. Transport Revolutions in Human History
Era
Date
Mobility
Paleolithic
c. 700,000 years ago
First migrations from Africa
c. 35,000 years ago
First migrations by sea to Australasia
c. 18,000 years ago
First migrations to the Americas
Agrarian
c. 4,000 BC
Animal-powered transport
c. 3,500 BC
Wheeled transport
c. 1,500 BC
Long distance navigation in Polynesia
c. 1,000 BC
Roads and canals
Modern
From 15th century
Improvements in shipbuilding and navigation
From early 19th century
Railways and steamships
From late 19th century
Internal combustion engines
From early 20th century
Air travel
From mid 20th century
Space travel
Source: adapted from R. Gilbert and A. Perl (2007) Transport Revolutions: Moving people and freight without oil, London: Earthscan / James & James
Copyright © , Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.

3. The Silk Road and Arab Sea Routes (8th to 14th Centuries)
Copyright © , Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.

4. Roman Road Network, 200 AD Atlantic Ocean Black Sea
Adriatic Sea
Mediterranean Ocean
500 km
Red Sea
Copyright © , Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.

5. Grand Canal System Yellow Sea East China Sea Beijing Jizhou Luoyang
Tonghui Canal
(Yuan)
Yongji Canal
(Sui and Yuan)
Yellow Sea
Old course of
the Yellow River
(Song)
Jiao-Lai Canal
(Yuan)
Yongji Canal
(Sui)
Jizhou Canal
(Yuan)
Jizhou
East China
Sea
Tongji Canal (Sui)
Luoyang
Kaifeng
Huaiyin
Bian Canal
(Song)
Chuzhou
Yangzhou Canal
(Song and Yuan)
Yangzhou
Jiangnan Canal
(Sui, Song and Yuan)
Suzhou
400 km
Hangzhou
Copyright © , Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.

6. Early European Maritime Expeditions, 1492-1522
Copyright © , Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.

7. The Eastern and Western Maritime Routes to Asia
Copyright © , Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.

8. Spanish and Portuguese Empires (1581-1640)
Source: adapted from Historical Atlas by William R. Shepherd, The Age of Discovery, University of Texas at Austin.
Copyright © , Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.

9. Dutch East India Company, Trade Network, 17th Century
Source: adapted from:
Copyright © , Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.

10. Colonial Trade Pattern, North Atlantic, 18th Century
Copyright © , Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.

11. Turnpikes in Great Britain, Late 18th and Early 19th Century
Source: adapted from D. Bogart (2004) "Turnpike Trusts and the Transportation Revolution in Eighteenth Century England",
Copyright © , Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.

12. Major Canals Built 540-1320 Grand Canal Beijing – Hangzhou (2,500 km)
11th Century
Naviglio Grande
Milan – Adriatic (30 km)
Stecknitz Canal
Elbe – Trave (11 km)
Briare Canal
Seine – Loire (58 km)
Canal du Midi
Garonne – Mediterranean (279 km)
1732
Ladoga canal
St. Petersburg – Volga (110 km)
Bridgewater Canal
Worsley – Manchester (16 km)
Rhine-Rhone canal
Strasburg-Mulhouse-Burgundy (319 km)
North Sea canal
Amsterdam – North Sea (20 km)
Erie canal
Buffalo – Albany (544 km)
Ludwigskanal
Main – Danube (172 km)
Rhine – Marne canal
Saverne gap (314 km)
Suez canal
Mediterranean – Red Sea (112 km)
1894
Manchester Ship Canal
Manchester – Liverpool (64 km)
Kiel canal
Baltic Sea – North Sea (99 km)
Panama canal
Atlantic Ocean – Pacific Ocean (80 km)
Mittellandkanal
Rhine – Elbe (320 km)
Source: adapted from Leibrand, K. (1970) Transportation and Town Planning, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, p. 24.
Copyright © , Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.

13. Impacts of Maury’s Navigation Charts on Sailing Time, 1850s
Source: Leighly, J. (ed) (1963) The Physical Geography of the Sea and its Meteorology by Matthew Fontaine Maury, 8th Edition, Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press. Cited by R.D. Knowles (2005) “Transport Shaping Space”, Fleming Lecture in Transportation Geography, AAG Annual Meeting, Denver, Colorado.
Copyright © , Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.

14. Geographical Impacts of the Suez and Panama Canals
Copyright © , Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.

15. Effects of the Suez and Panama Canals on Travel Distances (in nautical miles)
Source: R.D. Knowles (2005) “Transport Shaping Space”, Fleming Lecture in Transportation Geography, AAG Annual Meeting, Denver, Colorado.
Copyright © , Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.

16. Break-Even Distance between Sail and Steam, 1850-1890
Source: adapted from W.J. Bernstein (2008) A Splendid Exchange: How Trade Shaped the World, New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, p. 327.
Copyright © , Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.

17. World Trade Routes, 1912
Source: U.S. Hydrographic Chart #1262, W.S. Morison.
Copyright © , Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.

18. Maritime Journey from Britain to Australia, 1788-1960
Source: Australian National Maritime Museum.
Copyright © , Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.

19. Evolution of the Railway Network (in km), 1850-1913
Source: Rioux, J-P (1989) La révolution industrielle , Paris: Éditions du Seuil, p. 197.
Copyright © , Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.

20. Share of the Population in Agriculture, Early Industrial Countries, 1820-1910
Source: Rioux, J-P (1989) La révolution industrielle , Paris: Éditions du Seuil, p. 197.
Copyright © , Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.

21. Cost and Production of Ford Vehicles, 1908-1924
Source:
Copyright © , Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.

22. Comparison between a Contemporary and Second World War Tanker
Modern VLCC (305 m)
1975
T2 Tanker (153 m)
1942
Copyright © , Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.

23. Moore’s Law: Transistors per Microprocessor, 1971-2006
Source: Intel.
Copyright © , Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.

24. Diffusion of Telecommunication Services, 1985-2008 (in millions)
Source: International Telecommunication Union & Internet Systems Consortium.
Copyright © , Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.

25. Global Motor Vehicle Production per Manufacturer, 1996-2004
Source: International Organization of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers,
Copyright © , Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.

26. Automobile Production, Selected Countries,1950-2008 (in millions)
Source: Worldwatch Institute; International Organization of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers,
Copyright © , Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.

27. Transport and Spatial Organization
Concept 2
Transport and Spatial Organization

28. Scales of Spatial Organization for Transportation
Nodes
Links
Relations
Global
Gateways and hubs (airports and ports)
Air and maritime lanes
Investment, trade and production
Regional
Cities
Corridors (rail lines, highways, canals)
Urban system and hinterland
Local
Employment and commercial activities
Roads and transit systems
Commuting and distribution
Copyright © , Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.

29. Core / Periphery Division of the World
Copyright © , Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.

30. Impact of Transport Cost Reductions on Inequalities
Periphery
Center C B A
Source: Adapted from Goodbody Economic Consultants (2003) Transport and Regional Development.
Inequalities
Globalization
Transport Costs
Copyright © , Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.

31. Poles of the Global Economy
Western Europe
North America
East Asia
Economies
Underdeveloped
Developing
Newly Industrializing
Advanced
Oil Export / Rent
Copyright © , Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.

32. Gateways and Hubs Gateway Hub Corridor
Copyright © , Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.

33. Major North American Gateways, 2007
Source: BTS. Transport Canada. Economic Analysis Directorate, adapted from Statistics Canada International Trade Data.
Copyright © , Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.

34. World’s Major Gateway Systems, 2006
Source: Data compiled by Dr. Kevin O’Connor, The University of Melbourne.
Copyright © , Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.

35. Main North American Gateways, Corridors and Inland Freight Clusters
Copyright © , Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.

36. Future Transportation
Concept 4
Future Transportation

37. Evolution of the Transport Technology, 1750-2000
Maritime
Road
Rail
Air
2000
Hydrogen
car
Maglev
Container
ships
Electric
car
Jumbo Jet
TGV
Super
tankers
Jet Plane
1950
Airfoils
Highways
Jet engine
Helicopters
Buses
Bulk ships
Trucks
Planes
1900
Automobile
Tramway
Source: adapted from Williams, A. (1992) "Transport and the Future", in B.S. Hoyle and R.D. Knowles (1992) Modern Transport Geography, London: Belhaven Press, pp
Liners
Internal combustion engine
Metro
Bicycles
Dirigibles
Iron
hulls
Balloons
Electric motor
1800
Steam engine
Docks
Omnibus
Rails
Locks
Copyright © , Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.

38. Growth of the US Transport System, 19th – 21st Century4%
Canals
1825
Paradigm shift
1836
Peak year 3%
Rail 2%
Roads
1869
Air
1913
1969
Maglev
1825
Source: adapted from J.H. Ausubel, C. Marchetti, and P. Meyer (1998) “Toward green mobility: the evolution of transport”, European Review, Vol. 6, No. 2, pp
1836
1891
1946
2001 1%
Δt= 55 years
Δt= 65 years
Δt= 70 years
Δt= 30 years 0%
1800
1850
1900
1950
2000
2050
Copyright © , Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.

39. Development of the UK Transport System, 1750-1990
Source: adapted from M.V. Lowson (1998) “Surface transport history in the UK: analysis and projections”, Proc. Institution of Civil Engineers, Transport., No. 129, Feb., pp. 14 – 19.
Copyright © , Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.

40. Development of Operational Speed for Major Transport Modes, 1750-2000 (km per hour)
1000
Jet Plane
Road
Rail
750
Maritime
Air
500
HST
Propeller Plane
250
Automobile
100
Rail
Stage Coach 50
Liner
Clipper Ship
Containership
1800
1850
1900
1950
2000
Copyright © , Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.

41. Operational Speed of Contemporary Transport Modes
Copyright © , Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.

42. US Household Penetration of Telecommunications, 1920-2008
Source: adapted from The Economist, April 2nd 2005
Copyright © , Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.

43. Drivers of Change for Future Transportation
Governance
Security
Regulation / taxation
Policy
Demography &
Society
Finance
Finance mechanisms
Pricing and returns
Public / private partnerships
Transportation System
Population growth
Aging / retirement
Urbanization
Changing work patterns
Source: adapted from ICF International (2008), Long Range Strategic Issues Facing the Transportation Industry, Final Future-focused Research Framework, National Cooperative Highway Research Program, Project 20-80, Task 2.
Energy &
Environment
Economics
Economic growth
Global trade
Economic integration
Transportation costs
Energy availability
Alternative fuels
Climate change
Technology
Information technologies
Materials technology
Engine technology
Copyright © , Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.

44. Potential of Some Transport Innovations
Perceived Benefits
Potential Beneficiaries
Cost Burden
Potential Supporters
Light Rail
Accessibility to CBD; Reduced emissions and energy used per pass. – km; Safety
New users; Developers; Landed interests along paths
Tax payers, Nearby residents
Transit industry; Drivers; Environmental groups; Passengers
Road Pricing
Reduced congestion and emissions
Drivers with high time value
Drivers
Environmental groups; Collecting institutions
Telecommuting
Reduced congestion and emissions; Time savings
Telecommuters; Commuters
Employers; Tax payers (if subsidized)
Environmental groups; IT industry; Commuters
Source: adapted from Feitelson, E. and I. Salomon (2004) “The Political Economy of Transport Innovations” in M. Beuthe, V. Himanen, A. Reggiani and L. Zamparini, Transport Developments and Innovations in an Evolving World, Berlin: Springer-Verlag, pp
Copyright © , Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.