1. Prof. H. Paul Shuch, Ph.D., CFII LSRM-A/GL/WSC/PPC, iRMT Heavy
The Challenges of Transitioning from Faster & Heavier (to Slower & Lighter)
Prof. H. Paul Shuch, Ph.D., CFII
LSRM-A/GL/WSC/PPC, iRMT Heavy
Chief Flight Instructor, Director of Maintenance
AvSport of Lock Haven
FAA Safety Team Lead Representative,
Piper Memorial Airport, Lock Haven PA
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2. Sponsored by: This WINGS Seminar Sport Aviation Expo
Sebring Regional Airport
AvSport of Lock Haven
Your FAA Safety Team
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3. Sponsored by: This WINGS Webinar Your FAA Safety Team
Experimental Aircraft Ass’n
Aircraft Spruce & Specialty
AvSport of Lock Haven
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4. OBJECTIVES: Upon successful completion of this seminar, you will:
Identify the different Light Sport categories and classes
Be able to compute wing loading and kinetic energy
Understand how these factors affect aircraft performance
Know how they apply to Light Sport Aircraft in particular
Recognize the importance of LSA transition training
Follow the FAA’s recommended transition training flowchart
Evaluate a structured transition training curriculum
Be ready and eager to complete a rigorous transition
training program before stepping up to Light Sport
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5. Getting to know you…
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6. Which of the following are you? (choose one that best describes you)
Student Pilot
Sport Pilot
Private Pilot
Commercial Pilot
Airline Transport Pilot
Future Pilot
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7. THE LIGHT SPORT RULE: became effective 1 Sept 2004
19 pages of fine print legalese
amends the following FARs:
Part 1
Part 21
Part 43
Part 45
Part 61
Part 65
Part 91
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8. THE LIGHT SPORT RULE: Aircraft Categories Pilot Certificates
Created new:
Aircraft Categories
Pilot Certificates
Instructor Certificates
Mechanic Certificates
Designated Examiners
Pilot Endorsements
FAA Bureaucracy
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9. S-LSA (Special Light Sport Aircraft)
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10. E-LSA (Experimental Light Sport Aircraft)
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11. Exp-AB (Experimental Amateur Built)
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13. LSA Airworthiness Certificates Cumulative fleet size
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14. FAR Part 103 Ultralight
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15. SPEA (Sport Pilot Eligible Aircraft)
With thanks to EAA’s Ron Wagner
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16. S-LSA E-LSA Exp-AB SPEA
Category: Class:
Airplane
Weight Shift Control
Powered Parachute
Lighter than Air
Glider
Gyroplane
S-LSA
E-LSA
Exp-AB
SPEA
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18. Time for a Quiz!
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19. Which Was the First LSA? Evektor SportStar Chotia Weedhopper
Van’s RV-12
Piper J-3 Cub
Something else
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20. The First LSA?
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21. A GOOD REASON TO TRANSITION?
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22. A GOOD REASON TO TRANSITION?
No FAA Medical Is Required!
(but your medical certificate must not have been denied, withdrawn, or suspended)
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23. Another Quiz
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24. Which is Easier to Fly? or ?
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25. They differ in: Wing Loading Kinetic Energy
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26. (this is how the lifting force is distributed)
Wing Loading
WL = weight / area
(this is how the lifting force is distributed)
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27. Wing Loading Max Gross = 250 kg (550#) 600 kg (1320#) 1660 kg (3650#)
Wing Area = 168 sq ft sq ft sq ft
WL = 3.3 #/sq ft 12.0 #/sq ft #/sq ft
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28. KE = ½ mV Kinetic Energy 2 (This much energy needs to be generated
for liftoff, and dissipated in landing.)
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29. Kinetic Energy Max Gross = 250 kg 600 kg 1660 kg
Vso = 8.7 m/s m/s m/s
KE = 9.6 kJ kJ kJ
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30. LSA Accident History Total Fatal % S-LSA 155 47 30
E-LSA & E-AB
All LSA
Unregistered
Ultralight
(NTSB database, 2005 – 2012)
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31. And speaking of stall speed…
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32. Increasing gross weight raises KE (three ways!)
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33. Kinetic Energy 2
KE = ½ mV
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35. There can be many differences! What might they be?
Stall Characteristics
Handling Characteristics
Stability
Controllability
Maneuverability
Engines
Systems
Switches
Panel Layout / Avionics
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36. Risk Factors factor in LSA accidents. How much experience do you have?
Lack of experience in type is a major
factor in LSA accidents.
How much experience do you have?
In Type??
How much do you need?
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37. First to require five hours of transition training before they will insure you in an LSA.
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39. "Accident data have shown that there is as much risk in 'moving down' in performance as 'moving up'. For example, consider a pilot who has substantial experience in high performance corporate, airline, or military airplanes. The knowledge and skills used to safely fly at high speed, high altitudes, and over long flights will, by themselves, not prepare the pilot for the challenges of a low-inertia, high-drag airplane."
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40. Transition Training Flowchart
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41. Take a guess!
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42. What Should Be In the Curriculum?
Systems
Procedures
Performance
Limitations
Maintenance
All of the Above
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43. AvSport’s 3-day Pilot Downsizer LSA Transition Module
5 hours of dual flight instruction
4 hours of individualized ground instruction
Comprehensive written exam
AvSport's LSA Training CD, with manuals,
checklists, and custom PowerPoint flight briefings
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44. Prerequisites To enroll in the AvSport LSA Transition Module, you must:
possess a valid US pilot's license, Private or higher
be healthy enough to drive
possess a valid US driver's license, and abide by its
limitations, if any
have not withdrawn or been denied your most recent
FAA Medical Certificate application, or had your
FAA medical revoked or rescinded (but you need not have a current medical!)
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45. Curriculum – Day 1: Aircraft preflight inspection (ground - 1 hour)
Basic airmanship (flight - 1 hour)
Sport Pilot limitations, rules, and regulations
(ground - 1 hour)
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46. Curriculum – Day 2: Slow flight and stalls (flight - 1 hour)
LSA Weight and Balance (ground - 1 hour)
Takeoffs and landings (flight - 1 hour)
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47. Curriculum – Day 3: LSA emergency procedures (flight - 1 hour)
LSA documents and regulations (ground - 1 hour)
Cross-country operations (flight - 1 hour)
Final Examination (ground - time as required)
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48. Wings Eligibility As an official FAA Safety Team Training Provider, AvSport has designed this course to include recurrency training in the following areas of emphasis, satisfying an entire phase of FAASTeam Wings at the basic level:
K1 - Aeronautical Decision Making
K2 - Performance and Limitations
K3 - Pre-flight Planning, Risk Management,
Fuel Management
F1 - Takeoffs and Landings
F2 - Positive Aircraft Control
F3 - Basic Flying Skills
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49. Completion Standards Upon successful completion of this training module, you will:
become comfortable with the unique flight characteristics of lightly
loaded wings
have demonstrated familiarization with the Sport Pilot and Light
Sport Aircraft rules
be authorized to operate Light Sport Aircraft as Pilot In Command
be permitted to exercise all Sport Pilot privileges
be fully qualified to rent and operate AvSport's Light Sport Aircraft
have satisfied all FAA requirements for a Flight Review
be grandfathered for Sport Pilot Class B, C, and D airspace access,
if you have previously acted as PIC in such airspace
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50. One last quiz!
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51. What’s the Most Dangerous Part of Flying?
Taxiing
Takeoff
Enroute
Approach
Landing
Something Else
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52. The drive to the airport!
Which reminds me…
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