Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Presentation is loading. Please wait.

WAYS ORGANISMS INTERACT 4-2

Similar presentations


Presentation on theme: "WAYS ORGANISMS INTERACT 4-2"— Presentation transcript:

1 WAYS ORGANISMS INTERACT 4-2
WAYS ORGANISMS INTERACT 4-2

2 Ways organisms interact
______________________ Between SAME and DIFFERENT kinds of organisms Compete with each other for available resources __________________________ Between DIFFERENT kinds of organisms Hunt and kill other organisms to supply their energy needs Between SAME kind of organisms Live together and help each other live in close association with another kind of organism COMPETITION PREDATION COOPERATION SYMBIOSIS

3 WHAT IS A RESOURCE? Examples: ________________________
____________________________________________ Examples: ________________________ Anything needed by an organism for life Nutrients, water, light, space

4 COMPETITION FOOD Organisms in an ecosystem have to
compete with each other for available resources. FOOD

5 COMPETITION Organisms in an ecosystem have to
compete with each other for available resources: shelter

6 COMPETITION mates Organisms in an ecosystem have to
compete with each other for available resources mates

7 COMPETITION space/territory Organisms in an ecosystem have to
compete with each other for available resources: space/territory Prairie dogs - 5 to 35 per acre Mountain lion- 1 male per sq. mi

8 COMPETITION LIGHT Organisms in an ecosystem have to
compete with each other for available resources: LIGHT

9 Ways organisms interact
PREDATION ___________________ Between DIFFERENT kinds of organisms Hunt and kill other organisms to supply their energy needs

10 PREDATION Organisms in an ecosystem that capture and eat other organisms to supply their energy needs

11 INTERDEPENDENCE All living and non-living things in an
ecosystem are interconnected and changing even one thing impacts the whole ecosystem. When one tugs at a single thing in nature, he finds it attached to the rest of the world.  ~John Muir, naturalist, Sierra Club founder

12 COMPETITION If resources are scarce, some organisms will starve and populations will decrease. If resources become more plentiful, populations will increase. Competition in nature often results in a winner and a loser . . . with the loser failing to survive!

13 If a nutrient is in _____________ OR __________________
it will LIMIT the growth of the population = _____________ SHORT SUPPLY CYCLES SLOWLY LIMITING FACTOR During this drought, there was not enough food available and many kangaroos starved.

14 REMEMBER: EVERYTHING IS CONNECTED !
BIOLOGY; MIller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006 A decrease in the prey population means some predators will starve. Fewer predators mean prey population will increase. Increase in prey means more food for predators. Predator population will increase until there is not enough food . . . and the cycle repeats itself.

15 LIMITING NUTRIENT The short supply of a limiting nutrient keeps
the population in check. When an ecosystem receives a LARGE input of limiting nutrient (ie.,fertilizer runoff) the population increases dramatically = ___________ ALGAL BLOOM

16 Ways organisms interact
__________________ Between SAME kind of organisms Live together and help each other COOPERATION

17 COOPERATION Same species live together in groups EX: herds, packs, colonies, families, etc
Share food & childcare responsibilities Groom each other Take care of sick

18 COOPERATION Same species live together in groups EX: herds, packs, colonies, families, etc
Hunt in packs Provide protection

19 Ways organisms interact
__________________________ Between DIFFERENT kinds of organisms Live in close association with another kind of organism SYMBIOSIS

20 3 KINDS of SYMBIOSIS MUTUALISM ______________________ COMMENSALISM
Both organisms benefit One organism benefits; Other is neither harmed nor helped _____________________ Other is harmed in some way COMMENSALISM PARASITISM

21 MUTUALISM “Good for me - Good for you”
Birds eat parasites living on the hides of giraffes and rhinos while enjoying protection from predators. Groomed animals lose their pests.

22 MUTUALISM “Good for me - Good for you”
Insects transfer pollen between plants as they gather nectar for food.

23 MUTUALISM “Good for me - Good for you”
Clown fish gets protection from enemies by hiding out in poisonous sea anemones Sea anemone gets scraps of leftover food dropped by fish

24 COMMENSALISM Pilot fish receive scraps of food dropped by shark;
“Good for me - Doesn’t bother you” Pilot fish receive scraps of food dropped by shark; Shark is neither harmed nor helped

25 COMMENSALISM “Good for me - Doesn’t bother you”
Hermit crabs make homes in shells abandoned by snails; Snail is not harmed by crab

26 PARASITISM “Good for me - Hurts you”
Barnacles are crustaceans that attach to the surface of whales and feed on their skin and fluids; Whale is harmed

27 PARASITISM “Good for me - Hurts you” Tick feeds on dog’s blood;
Tick feeds on dog’s blood; Dog has discomfort, can get diseases/infection from bite

28 PARASITISM Tapeworms absorb food by living inside host intestine;
“Good for me - Hurts you” Tapeworms absorb food by living inside host intestine; host is harmed

29 BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES 3-3
BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES 3-3

30 See a video clip about CYCLES IN NATURE - Chap 3

31 ENERGY & MATTER ONE WAY RECYCLED
ENERGY & MATTER ONE WAY Energy moves ___________ through the ecosystem. It passes through food chains and is used up or lost. Matter is constantly _________ RECYCLED Take a deep breath. The atoms you just inhaled may have been inhaled by a dinosaur millions of years ago.

32 4 ATOMS make up 95% of the body in most organisms
OXYGEN CARBON HYDROGEN NITROGEN The same molecules are passed around again and again within the biosphere in ___________________________ BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES

33 WATER CYCLE = ___________________
HYDROLOGIC CYCLE

34 WHY IS WATER IMPORTANT? Makes up 60-70% of your body
Oxygen and Hydrogen are found in all the ________________________: carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids Hydrogen in H2O supplies protons (H+) & electrons for_______________ building blocks of cells photosynthesis

35 WHY IS WATER IMPORTANT? SOLVENT Water is a good _________________
Many molecules dissolve in water so it provides a place for chemical reactions to happen Water doesn’t change temperature easily so it helps with __________________ SOLVENT HOMEOSTASIS

36 WATER CYCLE evaporation condensation

37 The evaporation of water from the surface of plant leaves
The evaporation of water from the surface of plant leaves = ________________ TRANSPIRATION The return of water to the surface in the form of rain, snow, sleet, hail, etc. = ____________________ PRECIPITATION

38 WATER CYCLE PH ONLINE LINK Put in code: cbp-2033 Choose Start
Image edited from: WATER CYCLE PH ONLINE LINK Put in code: cbp Choose Start

39 CARBON CYCLE CO2 in atmosphere CO2 in ocean
BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006

40 4 main CARBON reservoirs in BIOSPHERE
In ____________ as CO2 gas In _______ as dissolved CO2 gas On _______ in organisms, rocks, soil __________ as coal & petroleum (fossil fuels) and calcium carbonate in rocks atmosphere ocean land Underground CO2 in atmosphere CO2 in Ocean BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006

41 Where does CO2 in atmosphere come from?
Ocean Volcanic activity ________________ ______________ _________________ ____________ of dead organisms Human activity (burning fossil fuels) Cellular respiration Decomposition BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006

42 WHY IS CARBON IMPORTANT?
BUILDING BLOCKS Found in all the _______________ of cells: carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids Image by Riedell

43 WHY IS CARBON IMPORTANT?
Carbon in CO2 provides the atoms for __________ production during __________________... the fuel that all living things depend on. GLUCOSE PHOTOSYNTHESIS

44 NITROGEN CYCLE NH3 NO3- and NO2- N2 in Atmosphere Section 3-3
BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006

45 WHY IS NITROGEN IMPORTANT?
NITROGEN BASES __________________make DNA and RNA Adenine (nitrogen base) is used in _______ ATP Makes AMINO part of _________ (proteins) amino acids Image by Riedell Image by Riedell

46 79% of the atmosphere is made up of NITROGEN gas (N2)
BUT we _____ use the nitrogen gas we breathe! The bond in N2 gas is so strong it can only be broken by _______________ ____________________ CAN’T lightning Volcanic activity few special bacteria Image by Riedell Image by Riedell

47 Bacteria that live ______________ and in _________ relationships with
plants called _________, take nitrogen from the atmosphere and turn it into ______________, a form that is usable by plants. THIS PROCESS IS CALLED _________________ in the soil symbiotic legumes AMMONIA (NH3) NITROGEN FIXATION

48 Other bacteria in the soil convert ammonia into ________________
& _________________ which plants can also use. The nitrogen we need for proteins, ATP, and nucleic acids comes from the ___________ ___________ we breathe! NITRATES (NO3- ) NITRITES (NO2-) FOOD WE EAT NOT THE AIR Image from: and modified by Riedell

49 NITROGEN CYCLE NH3 NO3- and NO2- N2 in Atmosphere Section 3-3
BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006

50 Bacteria that live ______________ also carry out the reverse process
___________ → _____________. THIS PROCESS IS CALLED _________________ in the soil NITRATES & NITRITES NITROGEN GAS DENITRIFICATION

51 PHOSPHORUS CYCLE Phosphate moves through food web
Image from: Pearson Education Inc; Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall PHOSPHORUS CYCLE Phosphate moves through food web Producers absorb phosphate from soil and water Phosphate returns to soil and water from waste or decomposition Weathering wears away rocks and sediments and releases phosphate into soil and water Sediments form “new land” to complete cycle

52 is only biogeochemical cycle that does
Phosphorus cycle is only biogeochemical cycle that does NOT cycle through the ______________ atmosphere BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006

53 WHY IS PHOSPHORUS IMPORTANT?
Makes DNA and RNA Transfers energy as ATP Makes phospholipids for cell membranes Image by Riedell Image by Riedell

54 SOUTH DAKOTA CORE SCIENCE STANDARDS
LIFE SCIENCE: Indicator 3: Analyze how organisms are linked to one another and the environment. 9-12.L Students are able to identify factors that can cause changes in stability of populations, communities, and ecosystems. Define populations, communities, ecosystems, niches and symbiotic relationships. Predict the results of biotic and abiotic interactions. Examples: Dormancy and migration Fluctuation in available resources (water, food, shelter) Biogeochemical cycles Energy flow Cooperation and competition in ecosystems

55 SOUTH DAKOTA CORE SCIENCE STANDARDS
LIFE SCIENCE: Indicator 3: Analyze how organisms are linked to one another and the environment. 9-12.L Students are able to identify factors that can cause changes in stability of populations, communities, and ecosystems. Define populations, communities, ecosystems, niches and symbiotic relationships. Predict the results of biotic and abiotic interactions. Examples: Fluctuation in available resources (water, food, shelter) Energy flow

56 Core High School Life/Earth Science Performance Descriptors
High school students performing at the ADVANCED level: predict the effect of an interruption in a given cycles High school students performing at the PROFICIENT level: predict how life systems respond to changes in the environment; explain how H20, N, C, and O cycle between living and non-living systems; describe how various factors may affect global climate; High school students performing at the BASIC level: given pictorial representations of the H20 and C cycles explain how elements and compounds move between living and nonliving systems describe one factor that may affect global climate

57 SOUTH DAKOTA CORE SCIENCE STANDARDS
LIFE SCIENCE: Indicator 3: Analyze how organisms are linked to one another and the environment. 9-12.L Students are able to identify factors that can cause changes in stability of populations, communities, and ecosystems. Predict the results of biotic and abiotic interactions. Examples: Fluctuation in available resources (water, food, shelter) Biogeochemical cycles

58 SOUTH DAKOTA CORE EARTH SCIENCE STANDARDS
Indicator 1: Analyze the various structures and processes of the Earth system. 9-12.E Students are able to explain how elements and compounds cycle between living and non-living systems. Diagram and describe the N, C, O and H2O cycles. Describe the importance of the N, C, O and H2O cycles to life on this planet. Examples: water cycle including evaporation, cloud formation, condensation.

59 SOUTH DAKOTA ADVANCED SCIENCE STANDARDS
EARTH SCIENCE: Indicator 1: Analyze the various structures and processes of the Earth system. 9-12.E.1.1.A Students are able to explain how elements and compounds cycle between living and non-living systems. Diagram and describe the P, S, and Ca cycles.

60 Core High School Earth Science Performance Descriptors
High school students performing at the ADVANCED level: predict the effect of an interruption in a given cycles; predict how human activity may change the land, ocean, and atmosphere of Earth. PROFICIENT level: explain how H20, N, C, and O cycle between living and non-living systems; explain how human activity changes the land, ocean, and atmosphere of Earth. BASIC level give an example of human activity that changes the land, ocean, or atmosphere of Earth.

61 IMAGE BIBLIOGRAPHY Paint image by Riedell Paint image by Riedell

62 http://bioweb. wku. edu/courses/BIOL115/Wyatt/Biochem/Carbos/Carb_poly

63

64


Download ppt "WAYS ORGANISMS INTERACT 4-2"

Similar presentations


Ads by Google