1. AP EURO Unit #5 – Nationalism of 19th Century Lesson #506 Foundations of Industrial Revolution

2. Why does the Industrial Rev matter?
Anything called a “revolution” must be huge. “HUUUGE,” as Donald Trump says
The disenfranchised unemployed farmers had new hope – in cities, factories, mines…
Everything changed
Villages became periphery
(what HAD they been to Europeans?)
Consumer Economy
Speeding up of inventions, transportation, communication, military technology, all technology, medicine, daily lives
Compare your life to a non-industrial world…

3. What WAS the Industrial Revolution?
What was revolutionary?
What changed?
Textbook Definition: the transition to new manufacturing processes ~
Characteristics:
hand production methods to machines
improved efficiency of water power
Transitioning to use of steam power
new chemical manufacturing
Leading to better iron production (more pure)
the development of machine tools
the rise of the factory system
Started with Textiles – remained primary employer

4. What changed? marks a major turning point in history
almost every aspect of daily life was influenced in some way
average income and standard of living exploded… and continues to grow; wealth was literally created
This is unprecedented in human history
Agricultural revolution fed the beast
population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth – massive growth of a middle class
between nobles and peasants
“self made”
Created new standards of society
Led to “second industrial revolution”
Steam transport (ship, rail)
Iron more pure
Oil and chemicals, and military the new focus
“first indust. Rev.” was all about textiles, steam and iron

5. Evolution of Europe Renaissance Reformation Scientific Revolution
What are the five stages of European evolution so far?
Renaissance
Reformation
Scientific Revolution
Enlightenment
Industrial revolution
What characterized each?
How did one cause the next?
How was Europe creating new identifiers for individuals?
Show how the Industrial Revolution is an evolution of thinking, with thinking, society, government and economy becoming more rational, thoughtful and “human.”

6. Why did it start in Britain?
Societal influencers
Free speech encouraged and exercised
Social structure allowed for social mobility
Entrepreneurial spirit permeated society
Governmental influencers
Stable political structure
Government trusted
Economic factors
Fair tax structure
Stable banking structure
Were already acclimated for trade – sea faring
Nature’s gifts
Rivers and low areas good for canals
Iron ore deposits and (more importantly) COAL MINES
What has already transpired?
Enclosure movement
Overseas trade and colonies
Arrogance celebrated
Winners on land and sea
Democracy developing
-Walpole and Parliament
- Wigs vs. Tories

7. Spinning Jenny Perfected by 1764 by James Hargreaves
Spun 8 spindles at a time
Patented with 16 spools in 1770
Increased to 120 when tied into water power
Hargreaves was a poor weaver
One day, his daughter knocked over his spinning wheel
He watched the wheel continue to spin
Conceived the idea to spin lots of wheels at once
Connected 8 spindles to one wheel and hooked up a crank
Ended up naming it after that clumsy daughter

8. Water Frame Arkwright attached water wheel to Spinning Jenny
Provided power and speed
No linen needed for strength
Pulled textiles into factories
Cotton production exploded 800%
By 1830, represented 50% of British exports

9. Steam Engine Thomas Newcomen (1777) For pumping water out of mines
Heavy and immobile, and not real efficient
James Watt (1777)
Smaller
More efficient