1. Oral Communication
Introduction

2. Types of Communication
Verbal (Oral communication) Non-verbal (Body language – it goes along with oral communication) Written communication

3. Merits of Oral communication
It saves time and money
Speech is a powerful means of persuasion and control
Speaker can convey shades of meaning
Speaker can get immediate feedback
Useful while communicating with groups

4. Limitations of oral communication
Lengthy messages are not possible
It cannot be retained for long time
It does not have legal validity unless recorded
It may lead to misunderstanding

5. Essentials of effective oral communication
Brevity
Precision
Conviction
Logical sequence
Appropriate word choice
Avoiding hackneyed phrases and cliché
Attentive listening
Natural voice
7Cs – candid, clear, complete, concise, concrete, correct and courteous

6. Types of communication in organization
Note: Both oral and written medium used for various types of communication in organization
Types:
Downward communication (Higher authority to subordinate)
Upward communication (Subordinate to higher authority)
Horizontal communication (Among equals)
Diagonal communication (Between employees of different levels and different departments)
Grapevine communication (Informal communication – mostly oral only)

7. Types of Oral communication (Formal / Official)
Speeches
Telephonic conversation
Interviews
Meetings
Group Discussion
Negotiation
Presentation

8. Speech Characteristics of good speech - It is clear
- vivid and concrete
- brief and interesting
- audience-oriented

9. Profile of a good speaker
He is lively, interested and enthusiastic
Earnest
Sense of responsibility to the listeners
Sense of leadership to his subject
Tries to be balanced and show a good sense of humour

10. Telephonic communication
Advantages – voice modulation, one-to-one
Disadvantages - not face-to-face
Effective telephonic conversation – polite, friendly tone, pauses, being precise
Oral aspects of Interviews
Interview techniques
Asking and answering

11. Oral Communication in Meetings
Formal and informal meeting
Leadership role in meetings
Role of members in the meetings
To the point and providing concrete information

12. Oral communication in Group Discussion
Accepted norms of behaviour in group
Speaking to the point
Responsibility and accountability of the information shared
Adjusting with other in conversation
Cooperating in decision making
Constructive suggestions and criticism

13. Oral communication in Negotiation
Creating win-win situation
Persuading with acceptable information
Being reliable and creating congenial ambience
Being polite
Words of encouragement
Positive approach

14. Oral Presentation Aim:
To demonstrate, to create, to entertain, to sell, to represent, to promote and to suggest
To make effective presentation:
Should know the audience
Strength and weakness of audience
Audience expectation
Structuring the presentation effectively with appropriate information

15. To be an effective workplace communicator
Be brief and to the point
Be friendly and non-confrontational
Make everyone feel special
Be coherent
Think before you speak
Be courteous
Prepare before presentation

16. Contd… Do not put on a show to make a point
Do not become overly emotional
Don’t talk too much
Speak slowly and with confidence
Make eye contact
Address people by name
Smile when appropriate
Use correct grammar
Stay focused on the message you are conveying
Keep it simple

18. Activity – I- Describing Appearances & Characteristics of People / mateiral
Each student is then give one sheet of paper.  Two 0r Three students are called to the front and they have to imagine a thing or a person and asked to describe in the class one by one.  He/she describes a person / material and the rest of the class draws the person being described.
It is more interesting if the person being described is not much known by everyone. Once the student has finished describing that person then he/she reveals who it is and each student shows his/her drawing. The laughter from this is hilarious as the impressions tend to make the character in question look funny.
It is a good idea to encourage students to ask the interviewee student questions about who they are describing.
Conclusion:
Once the activity is over, ask the class who’s communication was clear and perfect.

19. Activity – II - PAPER CUT
This is a 5 to 10-minute, highly effective activity on importance of perception and asking questions in communication process. The exercise illustrates the importance of giving meaningful instructions to others and expecting feedback for correct execution of those instructions. It is fun and quickly makes a point.
Materials needed: one sheet of A4 or 8.5×11 paper for each participant; scissors are optional
Instructions:  Explain to delegates that you are about to give them instructions and they must follow these instructions as given to them. They must follow these quietly and are not allowed to ask any questions. They should not get help from others around them or even look at other people’s work. If anyone asked questions, simply tell them to follow the instructions as they see fit.

20. Present these instructions:
Hold up the papers please.
Fold the paper in half.
Cut (or neatly tear) off the top right corner of the folded paper.
Fold in half again.
Cut off the top left corner of the paper.
Cut off the bottom right corner of the paper.
Fold in half.
Cut off the bottom left corner of the paper.
Unfold the paper.
Ask delegates to show off their unfolded papers to each other and examine similarities or differences.
Debrief Simply ask:  Did you end up with similar patterns or everyone’s pattern was different? Why is that? Were the instructions clear enough? What was missing? Why feedback is so critical in communication? What happens if feedback is missing? What lessons do we take from this?