1. Foreign Policy

2. Foreign Policy
Foreign Policy - A country’s overall plan for dealing with other nations.
The President is “Chief Diplomat”
The President has two kinds of
powers when dealing with foreign
policy
* Soft Powers
* Hard Powers

3. Soft and Hard Powers of the President
Soft Powers – getting other countries to want the same outcomes as you
Hard Powers – using force or coercion to get what you want

4. Goals of Foreign Policy
Promote freedom and democracy abroad
Respond to international environmental disasters
Protect
our
national borders
Establish good trade relations with other countries
Maintain positive relationship with allies
Goals of Foreign Policy
Ensure the safety of Americans abroad
Send humanitarian aid to impoverished nations
Mediate civil wars in other nations
Combat terrorism
Eliminate world dictators

5. Soft Power Tools Foreign Policy Tools Hard Power Tools 3) diplomacy
4) trade relations
2) summits
Soft Power Tools
5) foreign aid
1) treaties
6) cultural exchanges
Foreign Policy Tools
Hard Power Tools
7) intelligence gathering
11) armed force
• an illustration to represent that foreign policy tool
• a definition of that tool
• an explanation of why that tool is used
8) covert action
10) military alliances
9) boycotts and sanctions

6. Soft Powers

7. Treaties Agreements between two or more countries.
ending wars
protecting the environment.
The Senate must approve with a 2/3 vote.

8. Summits
Summits- When national leaders come together for face-to-face talks.
Address problems of mutual concern.
Executive Agreements - pacts with the leader(s) of foreign countries that do not require Senate approval

9. Diplomacy
The president sets foreign policy and is the spokesperson for America.
The Department of State (headed by the Secretary of State) helps conduct foreign affairs.
Ambassadors and other diplomats reside and work at U.S. embassies in countries all over the world.

10. Trade Relations
Countries use trade to get other nations to do what they want
If a country receives “most favored nation” status in a trade agreement, they get all the benefits of any other U.S. trading partner.

11. Foreign Aid
Developmental – long term aid to improve economic, democratic, and environmental, and health related issues.
Security – protect U.S. political, economic, and national security interests abroad.
Humanitarian – help victims of disasters (both natural and human-caused).
Military – helps U.S. allies acquire military equipment and supports training of peacekeeping forces from other countries.

12. Cultural Exchange People develop a greater understanding of diversity
Increases understanding and good will with other countries
May involve visits to another country by groups of students, educators, scientists, businesspeople, or artists.

13. Hard Powers

14. Intelligence Gathering
CIA and other agencies gather information related to national security
public sources
spying
“It’s the importance of finding out what they’re planning ahead of time. That is the task of intelligence . . .”
Former Secretary of Defense C. Weinberger

15. Covert Action
A secret operation in another country that supports U.S. foreign policy.
a government effort to change the economic, military, or political situation in a foreign country or territory in a hidden way.
CIA usually carries out covert action

16. Boycotts and Sanctions
Economic actions taken against a country to encourage its government to change its policies
Boycotts – refusal to buy goods
Tariffs - tax on imports
Trade barriers - increased regulation
Embargos -refusal to sell certain goods to certain countries.

17. Military Alliances
Agreements made by countries to defend one another in case of an attack.
Important for small countries that lack the resources to defend themselves.
NATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organization includes the U.S. and 25 other nations.

18. Armed Force
As “Commander in Chief”, the president has the final authority over and responsibility for all military matters.
Armed force is the “tool of last resort.”
Powers shared with Congress
War Powers Resolution of 1973
President can send troops into combat but must report to Congress within 48 hours
President must return troops within 60 days unless Congress approves of a longer period

19. Foreign Policy Activity

20. U.S. Foreign Policy...
… is this country’s actions, words, and beliefs towards other countries.
The main goals of our foreign policy is to:
protect America and Americans
support economic growth and human rights around the world
increase support for American values like democracy and freedom
Most often, the President and executive branch initiate our foreign policy responses to world events and work with the legislative branch to carry out those responses.

21. Foreign Aid...
… is the help or assistance that we give to other countries, usually through our Department of State.
The main goal of our foreign aid is to create friendships abroad and foster future trading partners.
Foreign aid comes in many forms. The most common are
economic, like money
military, like soldiers helping after a disaster
advice, like how to create a democracy

22. Military...
… is this country’s troops, led by our President who is called the Commander-in-Chief.
The main goal of our military is to prevent war and protect the United States.
The Department of Defense is made up of the following branches:
Army
Navy
Air Force
Marines

23. Treaties...
… are a formal agreement between countries that, like laws, must be followed.
The President is responsible for negotiating and signing treaties. All treaties must be approved by 2/3rds of the Senate.
An example:
Countries form an alliance through signing a treaty. This treaty says that if one of the countries is attached, the others will step in to protect each other.

24. Activity
Identify the responses in following scenarios with these three choices:
(1) Foreign Aid
(2) Military
(3) Treaties
Use Whiteboards or just hold up numbers on fingers. Icivics lesson also gives opportunity to make tri-fold card.

25. Upon President Wilson’s request on April 6, 1917, Congress declared War on Germany and gave the President the power to lead the army and navy to fight Germany in World War I.
Military

26. In 2003, President George W. Bush decided to focus support on a worldwide initiative to help countries prevent and treat HIV/AIDS.
Foreign Aid

27. In 1949, after World War II, the United States and other democratic western countries formed NATO, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. It said that if any country was attacked by an outside nation, they would help defend each other.
Treaty

28. The United States government provides advice and help for countries wanting to start new democracies by showing them how to run fair elections.
Foreign Aid

29. In 1968, the major countries of the world agreed to the “Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty,” which is aimed at limiting the spread of nuclear weapons. As of 2010, over 180 countries have joined.
Treaty

30. In 1990, Iraqi leader Sadam Hussein invaded and took over neighboring Kuwait. In January 1991, Congress authorized President George H. W. Bush to lead U.S. troops into Kuwait and force the Iraqi troops to leave.
Military

31. In response to the January 2010 earthquake that devastated Haiti, the United States has given the country significant aid in the form of food, water, and medical care.
Foreign Aid

32. The United States has a program aimed at helping people in developing countries have access to safe drinking water.
Foreign Aid

33. On December 7, 1941, Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
On December 7, 1941, Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. This act would bring the U.S. into World War II. The next day, Congress passed a war declaration giving President Roosevelt the power the lead the entire U.S. military against Japan.
Military

34. In June 1950, during the Cold War, communist North Korea invaded South Korea. The United States had been supporting South Korea. As a result of the invasion, President Truman sent U.S. troops as part of a United Nations mission to fight on behalf of South Korea.
Military

35. President Wilson wanted the United States to agree to the Treaty of Versailles, the overall peace treaty ending the war in Europe, and to join the League of Nations. The U.S. Senate rejected these actions, so the U.S. did not agree to them.
Treaty

36. After World War II, the United States gave more than $13 billion to help rebuild countries and support their democratic governments.
Foreign Aid

37. The United States, Canada, and Mexico agreed to the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), whose goal is to make it easier to trade among the three countries.
Treaty

38. On September 11, 2001, al-Qaeda terrorists attacked the United States
On September 11, 2001, al-Qaeda terrorists attacked the United States. President George W. Bush asked Congress for a resolution asking to use military force against those responsible; this led to U.S. troops fighting in Afghanistan, where Al-Qaeda leaders were based.
Military

39. The United States was the first country to approve of the document that created the United Nations, an international organization created after World War II, that tries to keep world peace.
Treaty